Table 3.

Liver Targeting Strategy of Rg3

Complex ingredients	Model	Types	Activity and Mechanisms	References
Liposomes co-loaded with ursolic acid and Rg3	In vitro	HepG2	Affecting apoptosis, cell cycle, and cell proliferation, thereby slowing down the drug release ability in vitro	[94]
A nanostructured lipid carrier coated with hyaluronic acid and loaded with oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, and Rg3	In vivo	Nude mice with tumor	Increased concentrations of the drugs and prolonging their duration in the circulation	[95]
A self-micro emulsifying drug delivery system consisting of Rg3, ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide, and oridonin	In vitro	HepG2 Huh7	Inhibiting the progression of HCC by targeting multiple pathways and the drug was found to be safe during the acute toxicity tests	[96]
Fe@Fe3O4 nanoparticles co-loaded Rg3	In vivo	Dimethylnitrosamine-induced HCC model	Significantly increased the lifespan of HCC mice in a dimethylnitrosamine-induced HCC model and having a significant inhibitory effect on the development of HCC	[97]
Graphene oxide, Rg3, and doxorubicin	In vitro	Huh7	Significantly reduced the viability of liver cancer cells	[98]
The micron- and nano- conjugate linoleic acid vesicles co-loaded Rg3	/	/	The micron vesicles had a significantly higher loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency compared to the nano- conjugate linoleic acid vesicles. This finding could have positive implications for the field of food and drug delivery science	[99]
Lactoferrin co-loaded Rg3	/	/	Overcomed the non-water-soluble disadvantage of Rg3	[100]