Fig. 6.

The effect of each ginsenoside component upon H₂O₂ exposure. (A and B) HaCaT cells were pre-treated with ginsenoside Re (3.8 μg/mL), Rg1 (3.5 μg/mL), Rb1 (1.1 μg/mL), Rc (0.7 μg/mL), GrDENs (2 × 10⁹ particles/mL), or Ascorbic acid (500 μM) for 30 min and exposed by H₂O₂ for 24 h. The expression of the aging-related genes, such as MMP-2 (A), MMP-3 (B) was determined by real-time PCR. All data are presented as mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments. ##p < 0.01 compared to the normal group (non-treatment), and *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 compared to the control group (H₂O₂ exposure group).