Table 5.
Convergence and divergence classification (Real GDP per capita).
| Belgium (BL) | Denmark (DK) | France (FR) | Ireland (IR) | Italy (IT) | Netherlands (NL) | United Kingdom (UK) |
||
| Regime 1 | θ1 (t value) | −0.940 (-16.02)*** | −0.294 (-42.39)*** | −0.634 (-78.19)*** | −1.015 (-67.94)*** | −0.963 (-23.58)*** | −0.459 (-57.94)*** | −0.574 (-49.27)*** |
| γ1 (t value) | 0.018 (2.47)** | 0.003 (2.48)** | 0.008 (4.32)*** | 0.014 (3.63)*** | 0.017 (2.28)** | −0.004 (2.08)** | 0.002 (0.75) | |
| Slope (╳10−1) Duration |
0.037C 1975–1978 |
0.033C 1975–1983 |
0.081C 1975–1980 |
0.130C 1975–1979 |
0.199C 1975–1977 |
−0.042D 1975–1980 |
0.006c 1975–1981 |
|
| Regime 2 | θ2 (t value) | −0.794 (-14.77)*** | −0.217 (-17.46)*** | −0.555 (-44.73)*** | −0.895 (-52.08)*** | −0.891 (-24.45)*** | −0.513 (-42.71)*** | −0.532 (-27.42)*** |
| γ2 (t value) | 0.024 (3.06)*** | −0.046 (-10.06)*** | −0.024 (-5.25)*** | −0.014 (-2.72)** | 0.059 (5.39)*** | −0.012 (-2.64)** | −0.025 (-3.43)*** | |
| Slope (╳10−1) Duration |
−0.138D 1979–1984 |
−0.351D 1984–1987 |
−0.174D 1981–1984 |
−0.090D 1980–1984 |
0.097C 1978–1981 |
−0.105D 1981–1984 |
−0.148D 1982–1985 |
|
| Regime 3 | θ3 (t value) | −0.677 (-13.63)*** | −0.476 (-45.04)*** | −0.704 (-67.95)*** | −1.051 (-83.45)*** | −0.629 (-27.45)*** | −0.610 (-60.61)*** | −0.558 (-28.82)*** |
| γ3 (t value) | 0.009 (1.23) | −0.025 (-7.95)*** | −0.026 (-8.112)*** | −0.005 (-1.95)* | 0.010 (1.35) | −0.029 (-9.58)*** | −0.047 (-6.60)*** | |
| Slope (╳10−1) Duration |
−0.292d 1985–1991 |
−0.262D 1988–1992 |
−0.246D 1985–1989 |
−0.044D 1985–1992 |
−0.214d 1982–1986 |
−0.255D 1985–1990 |
−0.406D 1986–1989 |
|
| Regime 4 | θ4 (t value) | −0.652 (-11.63)*** | −0.574 (-46.14)*** | −0.908 (-119.91)*** | −1.107 (-53.89)*** | −0.546 (-11.82)*** | −0.829 (-112.42)*** | −0.834 (-71.55)*** |
| γ4 (t value) | 0.028 (3.64)*** | 0.012 (2.64)** | −0.004 (-2.71)** | 0.063 (8.27)*** | −0.064 (-8.08)*** | −0.007 (4.642)*** | 0.006 (2.61)** | |
| Slope (╳10−1) Duration |
0.030C 1992–1995 |
0.006C 1993–1996 |
−0.066D 1990–1997 |
0.476C 1993–1996 |
−0.278D 1987–1993 |
0.029C 1991–1998 |
−0.016D 1990–1997 |
|
| Regime 5 | θ5 (t value) | −0.510 (-7.96)*** | −0.558 (-52.79)*** | −0.986 (-130.53)*** | −0.838 (-66.57)*** | −0.952 (-37.70)*** | −0.803 (-116.40)*** | −0.846 (-72.57)*** |
| γ5 (t value) | −0.036 (-5.43)*** | −0.022 (-7.05)*** | −0.012 (-7.96)*** | 0.016 (6.32)*** | −0.053 (-7.94)*** | −0.012 (-9.52)*** | −0.003 (−1.34) | |
| Slope (╳10−1) Duration |
−0.108D 1996–2005 |
−0.152D 1997–2001 |
−0.088D 1998–2005 |
0.211C 1997–2004 |
−0.180D 1994–1998 |
−0.093D 1999–2006 |
−0.024d 1998–2005 |
|
| Regime 6 | θ6 (t value) | −0.921 (-17.57)*** | −0.674 (-54.14)*** | −0.012 (-7.96)*** | −0.669 (-34.00)*** | −1.269 (-39.28)*** | −0.872 (-126.42)*** | −0.948 (-91.48)*** |
| γ6 (t value) | −0.032 (-4.59)*** | −0.001 (−0.20) | −1.114 (-90.01)*** | −0.033 (4.29)*** | 0.024 (3.15)*** | 0.002 (1.48) | 0.009 (5.65)*** | |
| Slope (╳10−1) Duration |
0.074C 2006–2015 |
−0.046d 2002–2005 |
0.003C 2006–2009 |
−0.227D 2005–2008 |
−0.166D 1999–2009 |
0.006c 2007–2015 |
0.079C 2006–2015 |
|
| Regime 7 | θ7 (t value) | −1.218 (-21.33)*** | −0.741 (-106.98)*** | −1.057 (-117.95)*** | −0.860 (-49.90)*** | −0.953 (-20.24)*** | −0.809 (-67.32)*** | −0.786 (-40.51)*** |
| γ7 (t value) | −0.008 (−1.05) | 0.005 (4.70)*** | −0.002 (−0.86) | 0.019 (3.65)** | −0.044 (-5.62)*** | 0.001 (0.14) | −0.023 (-3.28)*** | |
| Slope (╳10−1) Duration |
−0.008d 2016–2020 |
0.046C 2006–2015 |
−0.003d 2010–2015 |
0.100C 2009–2013 |
−0.062D 2010–2020 |
−0.003d 2016–2020 |
−0.156D 2016–2020 |
|
| Regime 8 | θ7 (t value) | −0.655 (-52.64)*** | −0.014 (-82.34)*** | −0.618 (-41.37)*** | ||||
| γ7 (t value) | 0.010 (2.10)** | −0.010 (-2.15)** | 0.055 (14.28)*** | |||||
| Slope (╳10−1) Duration |
0.056C 2016–2020 |
−0.094D 2016–2020 |
0.487C 2014–2020 |
Note: Definitions of all notations used in this Table are the same as those used in Table 4.