. 2023 Dec 5;95(4):1101–1109. doi: 10.1038/s41390-023-02900-y

Table 2.

Anthropometric data, results of spirometry and spiroergometry of AWD patients and age-, sex- and BMI-matched controls. All data are displayed as mean ± standard deviation unless otherwise specified.

	AWD patients [n = 18]	Controls [n = 18]	p value
Age	12.6 ± 3.5	12.3 ± 3.3	0.798^a
Anthropometry
Height [m]	1.59 (0.28)^a	1.60 (0.24)^a	0.983^**
Body Weight [kg]	48.1 ± 16.7	49.7 ± 16.3	0.785^*
BMI	19.4 ± 4.4	19.7 ± 4.0	0.787^*
Body Fat [%]	13.8 (18.1)^a	10.8 (20.0)^a	0.888^**
Muscle Mass [kg/Height²]^b	6.3 ± 1.3	6.2 ± 1.5	0.943^*
Physical Activity Level^c	2 (1)^a	2 (0)^a	0.521^**
Spirometry
VC_max [L]	2.9 ± 1.0	3.1 ± 1.1	0.558^*
Tiffeneau Index [%]	86.4 ± 7.6	86.5 ± 7.6	0.965^*
Spiroergometry	n = 13^d	n = 13^d
Relative Performance [%]	97.9 ± 24.3	98.0 ± 20.3	0.986^*
RER	1.16 ± 0.08	1.14 ± 0.11	0.600^*
Peak VO₂ [ml/kg/min]	40.3 (11.0)^a	39.7 (17.0)^a	0.555^*
O₂/HR [ml]	11.0 (4.0)^a	11.2 (4.0)^a	0.751^**
EQO₂	21.7 ± 3.1	19.7 ± 2.4	0.071^*
BR FEV%	10.5 ± 10.8	14.2 ± 17.7	0.510^*
QoL
GIQLI	137.2 ± 6.8	141.4 ± 4.9	0.038^*
Bristol Stool scale	4 (1)^a	3 (1)^a	0.111^**

Statistically significant p-values are in bold.

AWD abdominal wall defect, m meter, kg kilogram, VC_max maximum vital capacity, RER respiratory exchange ratio, peak VO₂ peak oxygen uptake, O₂/HR oxygen pulse, EQO₂ respiratory equivalent for oxygen, BR breathing reserve, FEV% Forced Expiratory Volume, QoL quality of life, GIQLI gastrointestinal quality of life index.

^*Unpaired t test, ^** Mann–Whitney-U test.

^aMedian (IQR).

^bn = 14, it was not possible to detect muscle mass in 4 cases.

^cPhysical Activity Level (once per month=0, once per week=1 several times a week=2, daily=3).

^dFive patients were not able to perform spiroergometry because they were too short for ergometry.