Table 3.

Quality assessment of included studies.

green = 1 point, yellow = 0.5 point, red = 0 points or cannot determine, grey = not applicable.

Checklist questions: 1. Report on specific recruitment methods (e.g., effective strategies to ensure school participation); 2. A priori power analysis, based on sample size, number of assessments, and smallest effect size of interest; 3. Devices (including versions), when relevant (e.g., % of participants who use an IOS vs. Android smartphone); 4. Software; 5. Prompt design (i.e., signal-contingent, interval-contingent, event-contingent; random vs. fixed intervals); 6. Study duration; 7. Response window (i.e., how much time do the participants have to complete a questionnaire?); 8. Total number of items per assessment; 9. Number of assessments per day; 10. Exclusion or inclusion criteria; 11. The instructions that were given to participants; 12. Incentive structure (i.e., what compensation was provided to participants?); 13. Monitoring scheme (i.e., if, how many, and when automatic reminders were sent; whether and under which circumstances participants were contacted, which messages were sent); 14. Any problems during data collection; 15. Adjustments to protocol; 16. Questionnaire duration (i.e., average questionnaire duration as well as measures of variability, e.g., SD, CI).; 17. Overall compliance (i.e., average number and percentage of completed assessments, including measure of variability such as SD, or a plot visualizing this variability); 18. Reasons for noncompliance (e.g., technical problems, response window passed, illness reported); 19. Time lag between prompt and completed assessment (i.e., is compliance based on assessments completed within a certain time window or on all assessments?); 20. Patterns of noncompliance and missing data; 21. Were participants excluded for analyses based on compliance rates? If so, what cut-off was used?; 22. If relevant: Compliance after exclusion of participants; 23. Scale construction and transformation (including centering); 24. Are participants asked about their current state (in-the-moment) or about the past hour(s)/day?; 25. Psychometric properties of scales (e.g., within-person reliability).