Table 5.
Mediation analysis for neonatal outcomes.
| Prematuritya | CCHD in offspringa | MBD or chromosomal anomalya | Direct effect of maternal CHDa | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1-year mortality | 28.6 (16.3–63.6) | 28.1 (12.4–70.2) | 9.9 (3.6–25.8) | 33.3 (−33.7–61.3) |
| Major neonatal morbidityb | 40.1 (28.3–63.7) | 4.2 (0.0–10.9) | 8.6 (4.4–16.2) | 47.1 (20.5–62.9) |
| PPHN | 10.2 (4.6–29.5) | 37.1 (17.6–87.7) | 6.9 (2.4–25.1) | 45.8 (−28.7–69.5) |
| Need for NIPPV or IPPV during birth hospitalization | 28.6 (21.7–36.7) | 13.3 (9.1–19.6) | 4.4 (2.6–7.5) | 53.7 (42.2–62.1) |
| Long birth hospitalizationc | 30.6 (24.3–37.6) | 6.6 (4.5–10.1) | 3.4 (1.7–5.3) | 59.4 (52.1–67.3) |
| Hospital readmission during first year of life | 10.1 (5.8–19.3) | 27.7 (16.9–45.8) | 19.8 (11.1–36.5) | 42.3 (2.5–60.1) |
CCHD critical congenital heart disease, MBD multiple birth defects, CHD congenital heart disease, PPHN persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, NIPPV noninvasive positive pressure ventilation, IPPV invasive positive pressure ventilation.
aProportion of total effect mediated (95% CI).
bDefined as one of the following: bronchopulmonary dysplasia, severe retinopathy of prematurity requiring intervention, intraventricular hemorrhage > grade 2, necrotizing enterocolitis.
cFor vaginal delivery length of stay >2 days, for c-section length of stay >4 days.