TABLE 1.
Characteristics of the included 8 studies.
| Items | Lifestyle modification + Herbal medicine | Lifestyle modification + Placebo | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Participants | |||
| Total number (Male/Female) | 326 (166/160) | 277 (137/140) | |
| Mean number ± SD | 40.8 ± 22.5 | 37.6 ± 20.8 | |
| Mean age of participants a | 46.3 ± 6.4 | 46.7 ± 6.3 | |
| Study duration, week | 12.0 ± 0.0 | ||
| Country (n of study) | Iran (4), China (3), South Korea (1) | ||
| Intra-hepatic outcomes (n of study, participants) | |||
| Liver steatosis using US (3, 193) | Grade 1, % | 35.8 ± 22.4 | 38.6 ± 22.3 |
| Grade 2, % | 49.7 ± 19.0 | 39.0 ± 25.0 | |
| Grade 3, % | 15.7 ± 4.7 | 5.8 ± 3.2 | |
| CT liver/spleen ratio (2, 166) a | 0.79 ± 0.01 | 0.77 ± 0.05 | |
| Hepatic enzymes (U/L) a | ALT (8, 603) | 56.6 ± 23.4 | 54.5 ± 21.0 |
| AST (8, 603) | 38.3 ± 14.9 | 35.6 ± 12.4 | |
| GGT (4, 603) | 41.6 ± 19.5 | 45.3 ± 21.0 | |
| Extra-hepatic outcomes (n of study, participants) | |||
| Triglyceride (mg/dL,7, 504) a | 197.3 ± 44.7 | 220.2 ± 65.5 | |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL, 7, 504) a | 200.7 ± 19.6 | 195.5 ± 22.0 | |
| BMI (kg/m2, 7, 504) a | 29.0 ± 2.2 | 28.6 ± 1.8 | |
| HOMA-IR (6, 480) a | 3.9 ± 1.5 | 3.6 ± 0.4 | |
US, ultrasound; CT, computed tomography; ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; BMI, body mass index; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance.
a
The mean was estimated using the presented mean value of each study.