Table 2.
Food consumption and dietary eating patterns of the ISS children and their siblings according to the gut microbiome analysis.
| Characteristic | All Participants | ISS Subgroup-S1 | ISS Subgroup-S2 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subjects | Siblings | P | Subjects | Siblings | P1 | Subjects | Siblings | P2 | P 1vs.2 | |
| A. Food consumption | ||||||||||
| Number | 28 | 27 | 13 | 12 | 15 | 15 | ||||
| Number of meals/day | 4.7 (4.7, 5.0) | 5.0 (4.7, 5.3) | 0.229 | 4.7 (4.7, 5.0) | 5.0 (4.7, 5.0) | 0.179 | 5.0 (4.3, 5.1) | 5.0 (4.6, 5.7) | 0.561 | 0.565 |
| Energy/wt (Kcal/kg/day) | 75.3 ± 15.5 | 70.4 ± 23.3 | 0.357 | 73.0 ± 16.9 | 66.0 ± 16.7 | 0.310 | 77.3 ± 14.5 | 73.9 ± 27.5 | 0.670 | 0.468 |
| Protein/wt (gr/kg/day) | 3.2 ± 0.8 | 2.9 ± 1.2 | 0.312 | 3.1 ± 0.9 | 2.7 ± 0.8 | 0.191 | 3.2 ± 0.8 | 3.0 ± 1.4 | 0.753 | 0.946 |
| % Kcals from Proteins | 16.8 ± 2.7 | 16.1 ± 2.3 | 0.303 | 17.2 ± 2.6 | 16.3 ± 2.2 | 0.327 | 16.5 ± 2.9 | 16.0 ± 2.5 | 0.628 | 0.475 |
| Dairy/total proteins (%) | 20.7 ± 9.7 | 20.9 ± 10.9 | 0.932 | 19.1 ± 8.8 | 18.0 ± 10.2 | 0.772 | 22.1 ± 10.6 | 23.3 ± 11.3 | 0.762 | 0.427 |
| Meat/total proteins (%) | 41.2 ± 15.8 | 38.7 ± 14.4 | 0.547 | 43.6 ± 13.5 | 41.1 ± 11.8 | 0.629 | 39.1 ± 17.7 | 36.8 ± 16.4 | 0.713 | 0.460 |
| Fat/wt (gr/kg/day) | 2.5 ± 0.6 | 2.2 ± 0.8 | 0.161 | 2.4 ± 0.7 | 2.0 ± 0.4 | 0.085 | 2.5 ± 0.6 | 2.4 ± 1.0 | 0.597 | 0.679 |
| % Kcals from fats | 29.9 ± 4.4 | 28.7 ± 3.8 | 0.280 | 30.1 ± 4.6 | 28.2 ± 3.1 | 0.241 | 29.8 ± 4.4 | 29.1 ± 4.4 | 0.686 | 0.856 |
| Carbs/wt (gr/kg/day) | 9.7 ± 2.2 | 9.4 ± 3.0 | 0.660 | 9.4 ± 2.2 | 9.0 ± 2.6 | 0.705 | 10.1 ± 2.2 | 9.8 ± 3.4 | 0.779 | 0.442 |
| % Kcals from carbs | 51.8 ± 5.9 | 53.8 ± 4.3 | 0.166 | 51.7 ± 5.9 | 54.3 ± 4.5 | 0.238 | 52.0 ± 6.1 | 53.4 ± 4.3 | 0.449 | 0.914 |
| Zinc (% RDA) | 100.3 (82.6, 130.4) |
133.6 (98.6, 186.8) |
0.080 | 85.9 (75.4,122.1) |
128.4 (76.1, 175.1) |
0.384 | 110.0 (97.2,133.4) |
142.4 (101.7,200.3) |
0.152 | 0.076 |
| Iron (% RDA) | 83.0 (64.9, 115.4) |
74.1 (61.9, 116.0) |
0.692 | 80.6 (66.4,121.0) |
79.0 (53.4, 128.8) |
0.624 | 83.2 (62.1,103.2) |
74.1 (71.3,94.7) |
0.604 | 0.945 |
| Calcium (% RDA) | 50.3 ± 24.6 | 53.3 ± 23.1 | 0.647 | 53.1 ± 30.9 | 46.6 ± 21.6 | 0.549 | 47.9 ± 18.5 | 58.7 ± 23.6 | 0.175 | 0.589 |
| B. Dietary eating patterns | ||||||||||
| Number | 29 | 29 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 15 | ||||
| Food responsiveness | 1.4 (1.2, 1.7) | 1.6 (1.4, 2.5) | 0.004 | 1.3 (1.2, 1.8) | 2.0 (1.4, 3.0) | 0.039 | 1.4 (1.2, 1.6) | 1.5 (1.4, 2.0) | 0.045 | 0.747 |
| Enjoyment of food | 3.0 (2.3, 3.5) | 3.5 (2.9, 4.0) | 0.019 | 2.8 (2.3, 3.6) | 3.4 (3.0, 4.0) | 0.024 | 3.0 (2.0, 3.5) | 3.5 (2.8, 4.0) | 0.300 | 0.893 |
| Emotional overeating | 1.3 (1.0, 2.0) | 1.5 (1.0, 2.3) | 0.464 | 1.3 (1.0, 2.0) | 1.3 (1.0, 2.5) | 0.571 | 1.5 (1.0, 2.0) | 1.8 (1.0, 2.0) | 0.797 | 0.687 |
| Desire to drink | 1.7 (1.3, 2.8) | 2.0 (1.5, 3.5) | 0.214 | 1.8 (1.3, 2.8) | 2.7 (1.7, 3.7) | 0.164 | 1.7 (1.3, 3.0) | 2.0 (1.3, 3.0) | 0.748 | 0.767 |
| Satiety responsiveness | 3.8 (3.4, 4.2) | 2.6 (2.4, 3.6) | <0.001 | 3.7 (3.4, 4.3) | 2.6 (2.4, 3.3) | 0.001 | 4.0 (3.4, 4.2) | 3.2 (2.6, 3.8) | 0.019 | 0.715 |
| Slowness of eating | 3.3 (2.9, 4.0) | 2.5 (2.0, 3.0) | <0.001 | 3.1 (2.9, 3.6) | 2.3 (2.0, 3.0) | 0.011 | 3.5 (2.8, 4.3) | 2.5 (2.3, 3.0) | 0.002 | 0.451 |
| Emotional under eating | 2.8 (2.0, 3.3) | 2.5 (2.0, 3.4) | 0.938 | 2.9 (1.9, 3.3) | 2.8 (1.9, 3.6) | 0.946 | 2.8 (2.3, 3.3) | 2.5 (2.0, 3.0) | 0.748 | 0.999 |
| Food fussiness | 3.3 (2.3, 3.8) | 3.0 (2.2, 3.8) | 0.846 | 3.4 (2.3, 4.0) | 3.7 (2.8, 4.0) | 0.734 | 3.3 (2.2, 3.7) | 2.3 (2.2, 3.7) | 0.436 | 0.477 |
P1 represents comparisons between subjects from ISS subgroup-S1 and their siblings. P2 represents comparisons between subjects from ISS subgroup-S2 and their siblings. P1 vs. P2 represents comparisons between subjects from ISS subgroup-S1 and subjects from ISS subgroup-S2. A: Food consumption by the ISS children and their siblings subdivided according to the gut microbiota analysis B: Dietary intake patterns by the ISS children and their siblings subdivided according to the gut microbiota analysis.
Bold indicates significant.
ISS, idiopathic short stature; RDA- recommended dietary allowance.