Table 2.
Descriptive statistics independent variables.
| Mean/proportion | Std. dev. | Min | Max | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Individual-level independent variables | |||||
| Gender (Female) | 0.545 | 0.498 | 0 | 1 | |
| Ethnic minority | 0.042 | 0.200 | 0 | 1 | |
| Religious minority | 0.041 | 0.197 | 0 | 1 | |
| Sexual minority | 0.012 | 0.109 | 0 | 1 | |
| Disability minority | 0.026 | 0.158 | 0 | 1 | |
| Other minority | 0.020 | 0.141 | 0 | 1 | |
| Personally experienced discrimination | 0.179 | 0.383 | 0 | 1 | |
| Outgroup prejudice | 4.374 | 2.176 | 1 | 10 | |
| Intergroup contact | 2.610 | 1.598 | 0 | 6 | |
| Political left–right placement | 5.227 | 2.076 | 1 | 10 | |
| National-level conditions | |||||
| Antidiscrimination laws & policies | 58.715 | 18.868 | 21 | 98 | |
| labor market integration laws & policies | 64.802 | 16.106 | 32 | 89 | |
| Income inequality (GINI, lagged) | 29.998 | 3.622 | 23.8 | 35.6 | |
| Belief prevalence discrimination | 2.234 | 0.708 | 0 | 4 | |
| Belief unequal opportunities hiring | 4.223 | 2.753 | 0 | 10 | |
| Individual-level control variables | |||||
| Age | 48.585 | 17.822 | 15 | 95 | |
| Education | 19.117 | 3.637 | 13 | 26 | |
| Occupational class | |||||
| Unemployed | 0.081 | 0.273 | 0 | 1 | |
| Nonactive | 0.409 | 0.492 | 0 | 1 | |
| Manual worker | 0.121 | 0.326 | 0 | 1 | |
| Routine non-manual worker | 0.205 | 0.404 | 0 | 1 | |
| Self-employed and small employers | 0.039 | 0.194 | 0 | 1 | |
| Service class | 0.146 | 0.353 | 0 | 1 | |
| Religious denomination | |||||
| Non-believer | 0.219 | 0.413 | 0 | 1 | |
| Catholic | 0.410 | 0.492 | 0 | 1 | |
| Other Christian | 0.341 | 0.474 | 0 | 1 | |
| Other denomination | 0.030 | 0.172 | 0 | 1 | |
| Urbanization | 0.039 | 0.194 | 0 | 1 | |
| Rural | 0.314 | 0.464 | 0 | 1 | |
| Small or middle sized town | 0.407 | 0.491 | 0 | 1 | |
| Large town | 0.279 | 0.449 | 0 | 1 | |
| National-level control variables | |||||
| GDP per capita (lagged) | 39.843 | 14.522 | 18.023 | 108.761 | |
| Foreign-born population in % (lagged) | 10.524 | 6.432 | 0.906 | 43.270 |
Sources data: EB 77.4 & 83.4 (individual-level), MIPEX (national-level policies), Eurostat (GINI, foreign-born population), Worldbank (GDP); n-individuals: 38,009, n-country-years: 52.