Table 6.
Support for monitoring recruitment procedures (model 1 to 3).
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| b | se | b | se | b | se | |
| Gender (Male = ref) | 0.118*** | (0.008) | 0.116*** | (0.008) | 0.098*** | (0.008) |
| Ethnic minority | 0.049* | (0.021) | 0.039 | (0.021) | 0.030 | (0.020) |
| Religious minority | −0.019 | (0.021) | −0.027 | (0.021) | −0.019 | (0.021) |
| Sexual minority | −0.012 | (0.037) | −0.023 | (0.037) | −0.053 | (0.037) |
| Disability minority | 0.047 | (0.026) | 0.033 | (0.026) | 0.029 | (0.025) |
| Other minority | −0.031 | (0.028) | −0.043 | (0.029) | −0.050 | (0.028) |
| Experienced discrimination | 0.052*** | (0.011) | 0.050*** | (0.011) | ||
| Outgroup prejudice | −0.050*** | (0.002) | ||||
| Intergroup contact | 0.028*** | (0.003) | ||||
| Left–right placement | −0.022*** | (0.002) | ||||
| Missing left–right placement | 0.006 | (0.011) | ||||
| Individual-level control variables | ||||||
| Age | −0.003*** | (0.000) | −0.003*** | (0.000) | −0.002*** | (0.000) |
| Education | 0.006*** | (0.001) | 0.006*** | (0.001) | 0.002 | (0.001) |
| Social position (service class = ref) | ||||||
| Unemployed | 0.064*** | (0.018) | 0.057** | (0.018) | 0.072*** | (0.018) |
| Non-Active | 0.061*** | (0.013) | 0.059*** | (0.013) | 0.078*** | (0.013) |
| Manual worker | 0.022 | (0.017) | 0.021 | (0.017) | 0.042* | (0.016) |
| Self-employed & small employers | −0.018 | (0.023) | −0.018 | (0.023) | 0.011 | (0.023) |
| Routine non-manual workers | 0.017 | (0.014) | 0.016 | (0.014) | 0.029* | (0.014) |
| Denomination (Non-believer = ref) | ||||||
| Catholic | −0.037** | (0.012) | −0.036** | (0.012) | −0.004 | (0.012) |
| Other Christian | −0.016 | (0.013) | −0.017 | (0.013) | 0.017 | (0.013) |
| Other denomination | −0.000 | (0.025) | −0.003 | (0.025) | 0.005 | (0.025) |
| Urbanization (Rural = ref) | ||||||
| Small or middle sized town | −0.002 | (0.010) | −0.003 | (0.010) | −0.006 | (0.010) |
| Large town | −0.009 | (0.011) | −0.011 | (0.011) | −0.022* | (0.011) |
| Constant | 2.209*** | (0.035) | 2.203*** | (0.035) | 2.433*** | (0.036) |
| sd(CountryYear) | 0.041*** | (0.008) | 0.042*** | (0.008) | 0.033*** | (0.007) |
| sd(Residual) | 0.604*** | (0.004) | 0.604*** | (0.004) | 0.590*** | (0.004) |
| Observations | 38,009 | 38,009 | 38,009 | |||
| Notes: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 (two-tailed). Sources data: EB 77.4 & 83.4 (individual-level), MIPEX (national-level policies), Eurostat (GINI and percentage foreign born), World Bank (GDP); n-individuals: 38,009, n-country-years: 52. All macro variables are lagged (one year) and centered on the grand mean. | ||||||
| Table 6 (Continued). Support for monitoring recruitment procedures (model 4 to 5). | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 4 | Model 5 | |||
| b | se | b | se | |
| Individual-level variables | ||||
| Gender (Male = ref) | 0.098*** | (0.008) | 0.083*** | (0.008) |
| Ethnic minority | 0.030 | (0.020) | 0.040* | (0.020) |
| Religious minority | −0.019 | (0.021) | −0.023 | (0.021) |
| Sexual minority | −0.053 | (0.037) | −0.064 | (0.037) |
| Disability minority | 0.029 | (0.025) | 0.018 | (0.025) |
| Other minority | −0.050 | (0.028) | −0.056* | (0.028) |
| Experienced discrimination | 0.050*** | (0.011) | 0.017 | (0.011) |
| Outgroup prejudice | −0.049*** | (0.002) | −0.053*** | (0.002) |
| Intergroup contact | 0.027*** | (0.003) | 0.021*** | (0.003) |
| Left–right placement | −0.022*** | (0.002) | −0.018*** | (0.002) |
| Missing left–right placement | 0.005 | (0.011) | 0.011 | (0.011) |
| National-level conditions | ||||
| Income inequality (GINI) | 0.021** | (0.007) | 0.024*** | (0.007) |
| Antidiscrimination policies | 0.005** | (0.001) | 0.004* | (0.001) |
| Labor market integration policies | 0.000 | (0.001) | −0.000 | (0.001) |
| Belief prevalence discrimination | 0.116*** | (0.006) | ||
| Belief unequal opportunities hiring | 0.018*** | (0.002) | ||
| Individual-level control variables | ||||
| Age | −0.002*** | (0.000) | −0.001*** | (0.000) |
| Education | 0.002 | (0.001) | 0.002 | (0.001) |
| Social position (service class = ref) | ||||
| Unemployed | 0.072*** | (0.018) | 0.070*** | (0.018) |
| Non-Active | 0.079*** | (0.013) | 0.079*** | (0.013) |
| Manual worker | 0.042* | (0.016) | 0.047** | (0.016) |
| Self-employed & small employers | 0.011 | (0.023) | 0.016 | (0.023) |
| Routine non-manual workers | 0.029* | (0.014) | 0.032* | (0.014) |
| Denomination (Non-believer = ref) | ||||
| Catholic | −0.005 | (0.012) | 0.006 | (0.012) |
| Other Christian | 0.016 | (0.013) | 0.026* | (0.013) |
| Other denomination | 0.004 | (0.025) | 0.017 | (0.025) |
| Urbanization (Rural = ref) | ||||
| Small or middle sized town | −0.006 | (0.010) | −0.007 | (0.010) |
| Large town | −0.022* | (0.011) | −0.028** | (0.011) |
| National-level control variables | ||||
| GDP per capita | −0.002 | (0.002) | −0.001 | (0.002) |
| Foreign-born population (%) | 0.009 | (0.005) | 0.007 | (0.005) |
| Constant | 2.429*** | (0.034) | 2.106*** | (0.036) |
| sd(CountryYear) | 0.022*** | (0.005) | 0.021*** | (0.004) |
| sd(Residual) | 0.590*** | (0.004) | 0.580*** | (0.004) |
| Observations | 38,009 | 38,009 | ||
Notes: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 (two-tailed). Sources data: EB 77.4 & 83.4 (individual-level), MIPEX (national-level policies), Eurostat (GINI and percentage foreign born), World Bank (GDP); n-individuals: 38,009, n-country-years: 52. All macro variables are lagged (one year) and centered on the grand mean.