Table 1.

Summarized findings of the association of Streptococcal infection with autoimmune diseases.

Disease	Antigens (Human/Streptococcus)	Immune cells	Mechanism	References
Acute rheumatic fever	cardiac myosin, tropomyosin, keratin, laminin, vimentin	T cells, B cells	molecular mimicry	(21, 23)
IgA vasculitis	NAPlr β2-glycoprotein I	Neutrophils T cells, B cells	deposition of the bacterial antigen molecular mimicry	(14, 34) (35–37)
Kawasaki disease	SPE-A, SPE-G, SPE-J	T cells	superantigens	(46, 47)
PANDAS	dopamine D1 and D2 receptors lysogangliosid, tubulin	T cells, B cells	molecular mimicry	(53–56)
Narcolepsy	hypocretin-secreting neurons?	T cells, B cells?	molecular mimicry?	(61, 62)
Primary biliary cirrhosis	mitochondrial antigens, histone	T cells, B cells	molecular mimicry xenobiotics	(64–67) (65)
Behçet's disease	human heat-shock proteins	T cells, B cells	molecular mimicry	(71, 73)

NAPlr, nephritis-associated plasmin receptor; PANDAS, Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections.