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. 2024 Mar 7;14:5647. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-56063-9

Table 2.

Shared frailty survival analysis factors affecting under-five death using the recent 2019 EMDHS data. (n = 4426).

Variable Null model Model I
CHR 95% CI
Model II
AHR (95% CI)
Model III
AHR (95% CI)
Model IV
AHR (95% CI)
Age
 15–19 1 1
 20–24 5.40 (1.18, 24.67) 1.06 (0.55, 2.08) 0.72 (0.57, 0.92)
 25–29 3.49 (0.84, 14.42) 0.48 (0.26, 0.86) 0.69 (0.55, 0.87)
 30–34 3.59 (0.88, 14.58) 0.27(0.15, 0.48) 0.66 (0.52, 0.84)
 35–39 3.00 (0.73, 12.32) 0.32 (0.176, 0.584) 0.60 (0.47, 0.77)
 40–44 2.95 (0.71, 12.26) 0.32(0.14, 0.52) 0.66 (0.49, 0.89)
 45–49 1.78 (0.39, 8.03) 0.31 (0.14, 0.66) 0.46 (0.31, 0.69)
Sex of HH
 Male 1 1
 Female 1.03 (0.75, 1.43) 1.24 (0.86, 1.79) 0.70 (0.50, 0.99)
Current Breastfeeding
 No 1 1
 Yes 1.32 (0.99, 1.75) 4.88 (3.58, 6.65) 5.69 (2.28, 14.22)
Types of birth
 Single 1 1
 Two 7.91 (5.22, 11.97) 0.48 (0.12, 1.97) 12.42 (6.13, 25.16)
 Three 25.53 (8.14, 80.07) 1.10 (0.29, 4.12) 1.70 (1.13, 2.57)
Sex of child
 Male 1 1
 Female 1.32 (0.49, 3.58) 1.32 (1.02, 1.70) 1.25 (1.15, 8.21)
Education
 No education 1 1
 Primary 1.17 (0.78, 1.73) 1.42 (1.08, 1.86) 0.40 (0.25, 0.66)
 Secondary 1.57 (1.15, 2.14) 0.85 (0.42, 1.72) 0.25 (0.16, 0.41)
 Higher 2.14 (0.92, 4.99) 0.73 (0.23, 2.36) 0.24 (0.15, 0.40)
Wealth index
 Poorest
 Poorer 0.89 (0.65, 1.22) 0.85 (0.62, 1.17) 0.51 (0.30, 0.87)
 Middle 0.90 (0.64, 1.27) 0.84 (0.59, 1.19) 0.32 (0.18, 0.59)
 Rich 0.81 (0.55, 1.18) 0.75 (0.51, 1.11) 0.40 (0.20, 0.80)
 Richest 0.70 (0.38, 1.30) 0.66 (0.35, 1.24) 0.42 (1.20, 0.92)
Children ever born
 0–2 1 1
 3–5 1.12 (0.82) 0.75 (0.55, 1.03) 2.63 (1.27, 5.40)
 > 6 0.83 (0.62, 1.10) 0.93 (0.67, 1.29) 5.95 (3.42, 10.34)
Marital status
 Never union 1 1
 Married 3.30 (0.46, 23.57) 0.34 (0.22, 0.45)
 Living with partner 3.36 (0.30, 37.03) 0.79 (0.20, 0.83)
 Separated 2.70 (0.28, 25.93) 20.23 (3.24, 22.35)
 Divorced 5.59 (0.73, 42.77) 3.5 (2.25, 3.75)
Region
 Tigray 1 1
 Affar 2.47 (1.18, 5.20) 2.57 (0.61, 10.78) 1.40 (1.27, 7.38)
 Amhara 1.97 (0.91, 4.29) 1.59 (0.44, 5.80) 3.42 (2.79, 14.86)
 Oromia 2.65 (1.28, 5.47) 2.60 (0.78, 8.58) 1.26 (1.24, 4.94)
 Somalia 3.49 (1.68, 7.26) 1.67 (0.41, 6.76) 6.40 (3.42, 28.85)
 Benishangul Gumuz 3.85 (1.87, 7.90) 3.52 (1.08, 11.5) 1.59 (1.32, 7.85)
 SNNPR 1.88 (0.88, 3.10) 1.62 (0.48, 5.47) 2.19 (1.43, 11.14)
 Gambella 3.326 (1.58, 7.00) 3.86 (1.14, 13.1) 0.83 (0.39, 1.76)
 Harar 2.75 (1.19, 6.35) 1.64 (0.42, 6.35) 0.50 (0.23, 1.05)
 Addis Ababa 3.33 (1.48, 7.46) 2.32 (0.60, 8.97) 0.45 (0.20, 1.01)
Source of water
 Improved 1 1
 Unimproved 0.82 (0.64, 1.04) 3.84 (1.13, 13.04)