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. 2024 Mar 7;9:64. doi: 10.1038/s41392-024-01772-w

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — CPT1A is an essential driver for ferroptosis resistance in LCSCs. a Cell viability of H1299 sphere cells treated with IFNγ (100 μM) and etomoxir (100 μM) in the presence of ferrostatin-1 (Fer1, 2 mM), necostatin-1 (Nec1, 1 mM), or z-VAD-FMK (z-VAD, 10 mM) for 2 days detected by colorimetry. Data represent the mean ± s.d.; n = 5–7 samples. b Representative tumor-sphere images of LLC cells treated with etomoxir (100 μM) for 2 days and then erastin (2 μM) for 6 h. Scale bars, 200 μm (insets). c Lipid ROS levels in H1299 sphere cells treated with etomoxir (100 μM) for 2 days and then erastin (2 μM) for 6 h determined by flow cytometry. Data represent the mean ± s.d.; n = 3 samples. d Representative images of transmission electron microscope analyzed in H1299-shNC/shCPT1A cells treated with etomoxir (100 μM) for 2 days and additional erastin (2 μM) for 6 h. Scale bar, 1 μm (insets). e ROS levels in H1299-shNC/shCPT1A cells treated with DMSO or cisplain for 2 days. f Quantification of mRNA for SOX2, OCT4, NANOG and CPT1A in ROS^high, ROS^medium or ROS^low cells isolated by flow cytometry, respectively. g Lipid ROS levels in ROS^high or ROS^low cells of H1299 cells determined by flow cytometry. Data represent the mean ± s.d.; n = 5 samples. h Percentage of ROS^low cells in sphere or non-sphere cells of LLC cells treated with etomoxir (100 μM) or not for 2 days determined by flow cytometry. Data represent the mean ± s.d.; n = 3 samples. i Lipid ROS levels in ROS^low cells of LLC-shNC/shCPT1A cells treated with erastin (2 μM) or not for 6 h determined by flow cytometry. Data represent the mean ± s.d.; n = 3 samples. Effects of erastin (IP, 20 mg/kg) on tumor progression in tumor-bearing mice inoculated with LLC-shNC/shCPT1A cells. Tumor growth curve (data represent the mean ± s.e.m.; n = 5 samples) (j). Photograph of the mouse tumor (k). Lipid ROS levels of CD45^- cells (l) and percentage of CD8⁺ T cells in the tumor (m). Data represent the mean ± s.d.; n = 5 samples. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001; ns: not significant. The statistical analysis was performed using a two-tailed Student’s t-test or Pearson’s correlation test