Table 2.
Description of pre- and post-squatting exercise systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and sociodermographics by sex of the participants.
| Variables | Mean ± standard deviation | T | Degree of freedom | p value | Mean Difference | 95% confidence interval of the difference | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male (N = 35) | Female (N = 40) | Lower | Upper | |||||
| Pre-exercise systolic blood pressure in lying | 116 ± 9 | 108 ± 7 | 4.51 | 64.72 | < 0.01 | 8.94 | 4.98 | 12.90 |
| Pre-exercise diastolic blood pressure in lying | 78 ± 8 | 76 ± 7 | 1.28 | 69.33 | 0.20 | 2.25 | − 1.25 | 5.74 |
| Pre-exercise heart rate in lying | 80 ± 7 | 82 ± 7 | − 1.10 | 71.86 | 0.28 | − 1.88 | − 5.28 | 1.53 |
| Pre-exercise systolic blood pressure in standing | 117 ± 12 | 106 ± 7 | 4.85 | 52.89 | < 0.01 | 11.35 | 6.65 | 16.04 |
| Pre-exercise diastolic blood pressure in standing | 79 ± 9 | 75 ± 7 | 1.94 | 63.09 | 0.06 | 3.46 | − 0.11 | 7.04 |
| Pre-exercise heart rate in standing | 84 ± 8 | 88 ± 8 | − 1.92 | 71.77 | 0.06 | − 3.52 | − 7.18 | 0.13 |
| Post-exercise in squatting | ||||||||
| Systolic blood pressure first minute | 134 ± 14 | 119 ± 10 | 5.48 | 61.59 | < 0.01 | 15.34 | 9.74 | 20.93 |
| Systolic blood pressure second minute | 132 ± 14 | 121 ± 10 | 3.72 | 56.81 | < 0.01 | 10.86 | 5.01 | 16.71 |
| Diastolic blood pressure first minute | 92 ± 12 | 87 ± 14 | 1.86 | 72.82 | 0.07 | 5.59 | − 0.40 | 11.57 |
| Diastolic blood pressure second minute | 91 ± 11 | 85 ± 14 | 1.89 | 68.76 | 0.06 | 5.75 | − 0.31 | 11.81 |
| Heart rate first minute | 103 ± 13 | 104 ± 15 | − 0.11 | 72.97 | 0.91 | − 0.37 | − 6.93 | 6.19 |
| Heart rate second minute | 103 ± 14 | 106 ± 16 | − 0.93 | 68.96 | 0.36 | − 3.28 | − 10.32 | 3.77 |
| Post-exercise in standing | ||||||||
| Systolic blood pressure first minute | 133 ± 18 | 120 ± 10 | 3.54 | 51.37 | < 0.01 | 12.17 | 5.27 | 19.07 |
| Systolic blood pressure second minute | 130 ± 13 | 118 ± 10 | 4.57 | 61.24 | < 0.01 | 12.55 | 7.06 | 18.04 |
| Diastolic blood pressure first minute | 92 ± 14 | 88 ± 13 | 1.20 | 68.12 | 0.23 | 3.80 | − 2.51 | 10.11 |
| Diastolic blood pressure second minute | 92 ± 13 | 84 ± 14 | 2.31 | 68.96 | 0.02 | 7.31 | 0.99 | 13.63 |
| Heart rate first minute | 107 ± 11 | 110 ± 12 | − 0.80 | 72.66 | 0.43 | − 2.07 | − 7.23 | 3.10 |
| Heart rate second minute | 105 ± 11 | 106 ± 16 | − 0.40 | 67.09 | 0.69 | − 1.30 | − 7.75 | 5.16 |
| Age (Years) | 23 ± 2 | 22 ± 2 | 1.48 | 72.98 | 0.15 | 0.67 | − 0.24 | 1.57 |
| Weight (kg) | 76 ± 9.37 | 61.68 ± 10.01 | 6.40 | 72.65 | 0.01 | 14.33 | 9.86 | 18.79 |
| Height (m) | 1.75 ± 0.07 | 1.66 ± 0.07 | 5.84 | 70.17 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.13 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.69 ± 2.42 | 22.30 ± 2.93 | 3.87 | 72.77 | 0.01 | 2.39 | 1.16 | 3.62 |