Table 2.
The results of the psychological questionnaires.
| Maltreating mother (N = 11) |
Control mother (N = 40) |
Statistics* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CTQ-J | ||||
| PA | 9 (4.9) | 5.3 (0.9) | t = − 2.4 | p = 0.04 |
| EA | 14.6 (7.6) | 6.4 (2.7) | t = − 3.4 | p = 0.006 |
| SA | 7.5 (3.8) | 5.2 (0.7) | t = − 1.9 | p = 0.09 |
| PN | 12.2 (5.3) | 6.8 (2.5) | t = − 3.1 | p = 0.01 |
| EN | 16.4 (5.6) | 8.8 (3.8) | t = − 4.0 | p = 0.002 |
| Total | 59.6 (22.0) | 32.5 (9.1) | t = − 3.8 | p = 0.003 |
| SDS | 48 (9.1) | 38.9 (7.5) | t = − 2.9 | p = 0.01 |
| PS | ||||
| OR | 40.5 (8.5) | 40.2 (9.4) | t = − 0.1 | p = 0.93 |
| LX | 28.4 (4.8) | 24.9 (4.6) | t = − 2.0 | p = 0.06 |
| IRI-J | ||||
| EC | 17.8 (2.3) | 18.6 (2.6) | t = 0.9 | p = 0.38 |
| PT | 16.9 (3.4) | 17.3 (3.4) | t = 0.3 | p = 0.74 |
| FS | 15.2 (3.2) | 13.0 (3.6) | t = − 1.9 | p = 0.08 |
| PD | 17.3 (4.7) | 14.2 (4.3) | t = − 1.9 | p = 0.08 |
Statistics presented: Mean (SD), CTQ-J: Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form, (Bernstein D., 1998, Mizuki&Fujiwara.,2021) PA: Physical abuse, PN: Physical neglect, EA: Emotional abuse, EN: Emotional neglect, SA Sexual abuse, PS: Parenting Scale(Arnold et al.,1993,Itani.2010) OR: Overreactivity, LX: Laxness, IRI: Interpersonal Reactivity Index, (Davis,1980,Himichi et al., 2017) EC: Empathic concern, PT: Perspective taking, FS: Fantasy Scale, PD: Personal distress, SDS: Self-rating Depression Scale (Zung.1965, Fukuda&Kobayashi, 1973).