Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients in the training and validation cohorts
| Training cohort (n = 157) | Validation cohort (n = 67) | P value | |
| Age (yr) | 51.9 ± 11.4 | 54.8 ± 9.0 | 0.05 |
| Sex, n (%) | 0.714 | ||
| Male | 123 (78) | 51 (76) | |
| Female | 34 (22) | 16 (24) | |
| Etiology of cirrhosis, n (%) | 0.251 | ||
| Hepatitis B | 137 (87) | 62 (92) | |
| Hepatitis C | 20 (13) | 5 (8) | |
| Indication, n (%) | 0.935 | ||
| Variceal bleeding | 89 (57) | 37 (55) | |
| Ascites | 34 (21) | 16 (24) | |
| Both | 34 (22) | 14 (21) | |
| Shunt, n (%) | 0.118 | ||
| Reasonable | 83 (53) | 43 (64) | |
| Unreasonable | 74 (47) | 24 (36) | |
| HE before TIPS, n (%) | 0.015 | ||
| Grade 0 | 155 (99) | 62 (92) | |
| Grade 1-2 | 1 (0.5) | 1 (2) | |
| Grade 3-4 | 1 (0.5) | 4 (6) | |
| Ascites, n (%) | 0.199 | ||
| None | 70 (45) | 26 (39) | |
| Mild | 30 (19) | 9 (13) | |
| Severe | 57 (36) | 32 (48) | |
| Pre-PPG (mmHg) | 26.1 ± 6.0 | 27.4 ± 7.7 | 0.153 |
| Post-PPG (mmHg) | 13.4 ± 5.8 | 14.2 ± 6.2 | 0.530 |
| PVP% | 32.2 ± 13.5 | 32.6 ± 12.1 | 0.587 |
| Laboratory values | |||
| ALT (U/L) | 26.2 ± 25.3 | 23.7 ± 12.0 | 0.686 |
| AST (U/L) | 35.4 ± 32.6 | 31.8 ± 13.5 | 0.596 |
| ALB (g/L) | 36.1 ± 4.6 | 35.7 ± 4.6 | 0.736 |
| Na (mmol/L) | 139.5 ± 4.2 | 138.1 ± 4.5 | 0.014 |
| ICGR15 (%) | 39.7 ± 16.1 | 43.0 ± 17.7 | 0.150 |
| INR | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 0.514 |
| Cr (mol/L) | 70.3 ± 24.0 | 76.6 ± 33.9 | 0.362 |
| Tbil (mol/L) | 26.3 ± 14.9 | 28.3 ± 16.6 | 0.440 |
| WBC (× 109/L) | 3.3 ± 2.4 | 3.5 ± 2.7 | 0.942 |
| PLT (× 109/L) | 95.4 ± 25.0 | 98.9 ± 25.9 | 0.231 |
| HGB (g/L) | 100.1 ± 89.8 | 98.3 ± 82.7 | 0.984 |
| Child-Pugh | 6.9 ± 1.5 | 7.2 ± 1.7 | 0.152 |
| Child classification, n (%) | 0.142 | ||
| Child A | 68 (43) | 22 (33) | |
| Child B | 82 (52) | 41 (61) | |
| Child C | 7 (5) | 4 (6) | |
| MELD | 8.0 ± 4.3 | 9.0 ± 5.1 | 0.295 |
| MELD-Na | 9.0 ± 5.7 | 11.2 ± 6.6 | 0.032 |
| FIPS | -1.0 ± 0.8 | -0.8 ± 0.8 | 0.111 |
| 6-yr survival (%) | 49.9% | 39.1% | 0.233 |
ALB: Albumin; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; Cr: Creatinine; FIPS: Freiburg index of post-transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt survival; HE: Hepatic encephalopathy; HGB: Hemoglobin; ICGR15: Indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min; INR: International normalized ratio; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; Na: Sodium; PLT: Platelet; PVP: Portal venous pressure; Tbil: Total bilirubin; TIPS: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt; WBC: White blood cell.