Table 2.
Protective effects of herbal medicine extracts on cardiomyocytes.
| Extracts | Animal/Cells | Models | Dose/Concentration | Effects | Related molecular targets |
Refs. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Up-regulation | Down-regulation | ||||||
| HJT | C57BL/6 J mice; H9c2 cells | LAD-induced MI/RI | 28 μL/10 g | Attenuating I/R-induced infarct size; Alleviating cardiac cell apoptosis; Limiting over-expression of autophagy | mTOR | AMPK | [152] |
| DMF | SD rats | LAD-induced MI/RI | 60 mg/kg/d | Ameliorating heart disease | AMPK, Sirt1, PGC-1α | – | [153] |
| PGS | SD rats | LAD-induced MI | 50, 100 mg/kg | Reducing necrotic myocardium; Ameliorating cardiac function | Sirt1, ERK1/2, p38MAPK, Bcl-2 | Bax, TNF-α, NF-κB | [154] |
| PNs | C57BL/6J mice | LAD-induced HF | 10, 100 μg/mL | Improving survival ratio of MI mice; Preserving cardiac function; Elevating the autophagy of cardiomyocytes | AMPK, CaMKⅡ | ULK1 | [155] |
| HHA | C57BL/6J mice | P407-induced hyperlipidemic | 200 mg/kg/day | Improving cardiac remodeling; Attenuating oxidative stress; Promoting mitochondrial biogenesis | AMPK, PGC-1α | – | [156] |
| Gg | H9c2 cells | DOX-induced cardiotoxicity | 40 μg/mL | Reducing oxidative stress; Improving cardiac morphology | Sirt1, PPARα | – | [157] |
| AOF | SD rats | d-galactose-induced aging mice | 50, 100, 150 mg/kg | Improving heart function; Reducing apoptosis | Bcl-2, PI3K, AMPK, Sirt1, PGC-1α | Bax | [158] |
| PF | Zucker lean rats | Zucker diabetic fatty rats | 500 mg/kg | Reducing cardiac TG content and plasma level | – | PPARα, AMPKα2 | [159] |
SD: Sprague Dawley; HJT: Hongjingtian injection; DMF: dracocephalum moldavica total flavonoids; PGS: saponins extract from panax japonicus; PNs: panax noto ginseng saponins; HHA: Houttuynia cordata herbal extract; Gg: glycyrrhiza glabra; AOF: alpinate oxyphyllae fructus; PF: pomegranate flower; LAD: ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery; MI/RI: myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury; mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin; AMPK: adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase; Sirt1: silent information regulator 1; PGC-1α: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α; MI: myocardial ischemia; ERK1/2: extracellular signal-regulated kinase; p38 MAPK: protein 38 mitogen-activated protein kinase; Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma-2; Bax: Bcl2-associated x; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor α; NF-κB: nuclear factor-kappa-B; HF: heart failure; CaMK Ⅱ: calmodulin dependent protein kinase Ⅱ; ULK1: unc-51-like kinase 1; HF: heart failure.