Table 3.

Comparison of the associations between parenting behavior and behavioral and emotional problems in preschool children, OR (95%CI)

Parenting behavior dimension	Emotional symptoms	Conduct problem	Hyperactivity	Peer interaction	Total score of difficulty	Pro-social behavior question
Father with a high-level of support/participation	0.64 (0.40, 1.01)	0.35 (0.21, 0.57)	0.68 (0.49, 0.93)	0.61 (0.47, 0.81)	0.42 (0.28, 0.64)	0.26 (0.17, 0.40)
High-level level of maternal support/participation	0.63 (0.40, 0.99)	0.33 (0.20, 0.54)	0.53 (0.38, 0.74)	0.53 (0.40, 0.70)	0.41 (0.27, 0.63)	0.24 (0.15, 0.37)
ROR	1.02 (0.53, 1.94)	1.06 (0.52, 2.14)	1.28 (0.81, 2.04)	1.15 (0.78, 1.70)	1.02 (0.57, 1.85)	1.08 (0.58, 2.02)
P value	0.962	0.870	0.291	0.480	0.936	0.801
Father with a high level of hostility/coercion	2.00 (1.30, 3.08)	3.27 (2.03, 5.25)	2.29 (1.66, 3.15)	1.92 (1.45, 2.54)	3.25 (2.14, 4.94)	1.12 (0.76, 1.65)
Mother with a high level of hostility/coercion	2.08 (1.36, 3.19)	3.24 (2.04, 5.15)	2.87 (2.11, 3.89)	1.90 (1.46, 2.48)	2.99 (2.03, 4.42)	1.28 (0.89, 1.85)
ROR	0.96 (0.52, 1.76)	1.01 (0.52, 1.96)	0.80 (0.51, 1.24)	1.01 (0.69, 1.49)	1.09 (0.61, 1.92)	0.88 (0.51, 1.49)
P value	0.899	0.978	0.318	0.958	0.775	0.623

ROR: Ratio of odds ratio.