Table 2.
Differences between the COPDa and control group in the FTNDb among smokers.
| Questions | Controls (n=1412), n (%) | COPD (n=1442), n (%) | P valuec | ||||
| Q1d | .004 | ||||||
|
|
After 60 minutes | 784 (55.50) | 728 (50.50) |
|
|||
|
|
31 to 60 minutes | 150 (10.60) | 132 (9.20) |
|
|||
|
|
6 to 30 minutes | 186 (13.20) | 235 (16.30) |
|
|||
|
|
Within 5 minutes | 292 (20.70) | 347 (24.10) |
|
|||
| Q2e | .006 | ||||||
|
|
No | 1122 (79.50) | 1082 (75) |
|
|||
|
|
Yes | 290 (20.50) | 360 (25) |
|
|||
| Q3f | .06 | ||||||
|
|
Any other | 1059 (75) | 1035 (71.80) |
|
|||
|
|
The first one in the morning | 353 (25) | 407 (28.20) |
|
|||
| Q4g | .62 | ||||||
|
|
10 or less | 1228 (87) | 1247 (86.50) |
|
|||
|
|
11 to 20 | 141 (10) | 139 (9.60) |
|
|||
|
|
21 to 30 | 19 (1.30) | 22 (1.50) |
|
|||
|
|
31 or more | 24 (1.70) | 34 (2.40) |
|
|||
| Q5h | .048 | ||||||
|
|
No | 1179 (83.50) | 1162 (80.60) |
|
|||
|
|
Yes | 233 (16.50) | 280 (19.40) |
|
|||
| Q6i | <.001 | ||||||
|
|
No | 1221 (86.50) | 1168 (81) |
|
|||
|
|
Yes | 191 (13.50) | 274 (19) |
|
|||
| Total score | 1.92 (2.03) | 2.25 (2.14) | <.001 | ||||
| TDj | <.001 | ||||||
|
|
No | 934 (66.10) | 860 (59.60) |
|
|||
|
|
Yes | 478 (33.90) | 582 (40.40) |
|
|||
aCOPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
bFTND: Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence.
cP value for chi-square test.
dQ1: How soon after you wake up do you smoke your first cigarette?
eQ2: Do you find it difficult to refrain from smoking in places where it is forbidden?
fQ3: Which cigarette would you find most difficult to give up?
gQ4: How many cigarettes do you smoke per day?
hQ5: Do you smoke more frequently during the first hour after waking compared to the rest of the day?
iQ6: Do you smoke when you are so ill that you are confined to bed most of the day?
jTD: tobacco dependence.