Table 2. Study Population Data Including Gender, Age, Years of Education, Aβ1-42, P-tau181, and T-tau levels, MMSE Score, MRI Biomarker (Hippocampus Volume), and Medicationa,b.
| total population (n = 112) | AD (n = 28) | MCI (n = 63) | controls (n = 21) | P1 (AD vs controls) | P2 (MCI vs controls) | P3 (AD vs MCI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| male | 58 (51.8%) | 18 (64.3%) | 29 (46.0%) | 11 (52.4%) | |||
| age (years) | 70.4 ± 8.4 | 72.6 ± 7.1 | 72.2 ± 7.8 | 62.1 ± 7.2 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.8 |
| education (years) | 18.2 ± 3.6 | 17.8 ± 4.3 | 18.0 ± 3.4 | 19.1 ± 2.7 | 0.17 | 0.13 | 0.76 |
| Aβ1–42 level (pg/mL) | 797.4 ± 346.7 | 571.8 ± 182.4 | 759.7 ± 332.5 | 1218.6 ± 135.5 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.05 |
| P-tau181 level (pg/mL) | 71.5 ± 32.0 | 84.4 ± 34.3 | 75.5 ± 30.3 | 42.1 ± 8.8 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.28 |
| T-tau (pg/mL) | 461.6 ± 275.8 | 639.2 ± 307.9 | 470.6 ± 239.2 | 196.8 ± 42.1 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.05 |
| MMSE score | 24.2 ± 5.3 | 18.2 ± 6.2 | 25.2 ± 3.0 | 28.9 ± 1.5 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| hippocampus volume (mL) | 8.1 ± 1.2 | 7.4 ± 0.8 | 8.1 ± 1.2 | 9.1 ± 1.0 | <0.001 | <0.05 | <0.05 |
| SNRI | 19 (17.0%) | 5 (17.9%) | 12 (19.0%) | 2 (9.5%) | |||
| PPI | 11 (9.8%) | 3 (10.7%) | 8 (12.7%) | 0 (0%) |
a
SNRI (serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor) is used for depression such as Venlafaxine. PPI (proton pump inhibitor) is used for gastroesophageal pathology and symptoms, such as Pantomed. These rows show the number and percentage using this medication. Age, Aβ1-42 level, P-tau181 level, T-tau level, MMSE score, and hippocampus volume were significantly different in both AD vs control group and MCI vs control group; thereinto, Aβ1-42 level, T-tau level, MMSE score, and hippocampal volume were significantly different in AD vs the MCI group.
b
The description of the variables is presented as mean ± SD or n (%).