Table 2.

Overview of the studies included (n=42)

	N (%)
Region of study
North America	15 (36%)
Europe and Central Asia	5 (12%)
East Asia and the Pacific	8 (19%)
South Asia	3 (7%)
Middle East and North Africa	4 (10%)
Sub-Saharan Africa	4 (10%)
Global	2 (5%)
Unclear	1 (2%)
Country income level*
High-income countries	26 (62%)
Middle-income countries	13 (31%)
Global	2 (5%)
Unclear	1 (2%)
Year of designathon
Up to 2019	28 (67%)
From 2020	6 (14%)
Unclear	8 (29%)
Mode of designathon
In-person	35 (83%)
Online	4 (10%)
Hybrid	1 (2%)
Not reported	2 (5%)
Designathon participants
Health-related professionals	3 (7%)
Non-health-related professionals	7 (17%)
Both	30 (71%)
Unclear	2 (5%)
Study design
Case report	26 (62%)
Qualitative	4 (10%)
Randomised controlled trial	1 (2%)
Quasi-experimental (non-randomised experimental trials)	1 (2%)
Modelling and economic evaluation	1 (2%)
Mixed	9 (21%)
Term used to describe designathon
Designathon	7 (17%)
Hackathon	30 (71%)
Codesign	3 (7%)
Others	2 (5%)
Final designathon outputs
Ideas	20 (48%)
Prototype	20 (48%)
Unclear	2 (5%)
Output evaluators
Designathon participants	2 (5%)
External experts	19 (45%)
Mixed	10 (24%)
Others	6 (14%)
Not reported	5 (12%)
Further development after the event
Within 12 months	20 (48%)
Unclear	11 (26%)
Not reported	11 (26%)

*New World Bank country classifications by income level: 2022-2023.⁶³