Table 3.

Scales based ICD-11 and DSM-5 models and Kernberg’s theory of personality organization to measure personality disorder dysfunctional severity

Measurement	Item numbers	Components/ subscales
ICD-11
Personality Disorder Severity ICD-11 (PDS-ICD-11)	14	Identify, self-worth, self-perception, goals, interest in relationships, disagreement management, emotional control and expression, behavioral control, experience of reality during stress, harm to self, harm to others, psychosocial impairments.
Scales of Self and Interpersonal Dysfunction (of Clark and Colleagues)	65	Low self-worth, low self-accuracy, low self-directedness, relationship difficulties, and dysfunctional, engagement
DSM-5
Level of Personality Functioning Scale (LPFS)	80	Identify, self- direction, empathy, intimacy
Level of Personality Functioning Scale - Brief Form (LPFS-BF)	12	Self-functioning, interpersonal functioning, six items for each
Level of Personality Functioning Scale-self-report (LPFS-SR)	80	Identity (21 items), Self-Direction (16 items), Empathy (23 items), Intimacy (20 items)
Self and Interpersonal Functioning Scale (SIFS)	24	Identity, Self-Direction, Empathy, Intimacy
Semi-structured Interview for DSM-5 Personality Functioning (STiP5.1)	28	Identity, Self-Direction, Empathy, Intimacy; 12 facets (Experience of oneself as unique, self-esteem, emotions, goals, self-reflection, understanding others, perspectives impact, connection, closeness, mutuality)
Level of Personality Functioning Questionnaire for adolescents (LoPF-Q 12–18)	97	Identity, self-direction, empathy, and intimacy
Kernberg’s theory of personality organization
Inventory of Personality Organization (IPO)	57	Primitive Defenses (16 items), Reality Testing (20 items), Identity Diffusion (21 items)