Table 3.

Comparison of stress, anxiety, and depression scores within groups and between groups receiving lavender and placebo at each time point and over time

Variable		lavender			placebo			Lavender and placebo
		Mean (SD)	Mean change (95% CI)	P*	Mean (SD)	Mean change (95% CI)	P*	Mean difference (95% CI)	p**
Stress	Before	12.2 (8.2)	-	-	11.9 (8.2)	-	-	-0.3 (-4.5 to 3.92)	0.876&
	28 days later	7.6 (5.9)	-4.6 (-6.7 to-2.5)	< 0.001	12 (6.9)	0.1 (-1.4 to 1.7)	0.845	-4.9 (-7.08 to -2.8)	< 0.001
	56 days later	7.04 (5.7)	-5.2 (-7.6 to -2.8)	< 0.001	12.4 (6.4)	0.5 (-1.3 to 2.3)	0.575	-5.3 (-7.6 to -3.1)	< 0.001
P***		< 0.001			0.798
Between lavender and placebo group		Mean difference (95% CI)			P****			P*****
		-3.81 (-7.2 to -0.3)			0.031			< 0.001
Depression	Before	9.8 (6.3)	-	-	8.5 (5.7)	-	-	-1.3 (-4.4 to 1.7)	0.396&
	28 days later	6.1 (5.03)	-3.7 (-5.5 to -1.8)	< 0.001	8.3 (4.5)	-0.1 (-1.7 to 1.3)	0.809	-3.04 (-4.9 to -1.1)	0.003
	56 days later	6.2 (4.8)	-3.6 (-5.4 to -1.8)	< 0.001	8.9 (5)	0.4 (-1.02 to 1.8)	0.55	-3.1 (-5.03 to 1.2)	0.002
P***		< 0.001			0.594
Between lavender and placebo group		Mean difference (95% CI)			P****			P*****
		-1.41 (-3.96 to 1.31)			0.272			0.003
		Median (IQR)		pI	Median (IQR)		pI	pII
Anxiety	Before	6 (4 to 10)		-	4 (4 to 8)		-	0.023
	28 days later	4 (2 to 6)		0.002	4 (2 to 6)		0.399	0.967
	56 days later	4 ( 2 to 6 )		0.004	4 (2 to 6)		0.5	0.629
pIII		0.001			0.206

P^*: Repeated measure ANOVA (Comparison of each time point with the baseline); P^**: Between‑group p values after intervention with ANCOVA adjusted for baseline and age (comparison of lavender group and placebo at each time point); P^***: Within-group repeated measure ANOVA; P^****: Between‑group repeated measure ANOVA adjusted for age during the time; P^*****: Greenhouse-Geisser or Sphericity Assumed test adjusted for age (time and group interaction); p^I: Wilcoxon test;p^II: Mann_whitney test; p^III: Friedman test; SD: Standard deviation; CI: Confidence interval; &: Independent T-test