Table 2.
Mean (± SD) values of glucose, insulin, lipid profile, body composition, and VO2peak in the four study groups
| CG | SG | TG | TSG | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Post | Pre | Post | Pre | Post | Pre | Post | ||
| Body height (cm) | 175.7 ± 4.2 | - | 171.3 ± 4.2 | - | 173.3 ± 8.2 | - | 175.2 ± 6.5 | - | |
| Body mass (kg) | 101.2 ± 5.3 | 102.0 ± 2.5 | 97.8 ± 4.7 | 97.05 ± 2.45 | 99.5 ± 10.1 | 96.2 ± 2.4 | 101.5 ± 7.9 | 96.9 ± 1.9 & | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 32.8 ± 1.2 | 33.1 ± 1.4 | 33.3 ± 0.6 | 33.13 ± 1.99 | 33.0 ± 0.8 | 32.2 ± 2.7 | 33.0 ± 1.0 | 31.7 ± 2.2 | |
| FFM (kg) | 26.4 ± 2.8 | 25.7 ± 2.8 | 26.2 ± 2.2 | 27.86 ± 1.18 | 26.5 ± 1.8 | 28.2 ± 2.4 | 26.4 ± 2.1 | 29.2 ± 2.3 &,*,# | |
| FAT (kg) | 31.1 ± 1.5 | 31.8 ± 2.1 | 31.1 ± 1.6 | 29.08 ± 0.80 &,* | 31.4 ± 1.5 | 27.9 ± 0.9 &, * | 32.1 ± 1.4 | 27.6 ± 1.2 &,*,# | |
|
VO2peak (mL⋅kg− 1⋅min− 1) |
26.6 ± 1.8 | 25.7 ± 1.7 | 26.7 ± 1.4 | 27.92 ± 2.32 &,* | 26.4 ± 1.3 | 29.9 ± 2.1&, * | 26.5 ± 1.8 | 30.4 ± 1.9 &,*,# | |
| Glucose (mg/dl) | 96.4 ± 13.1 | 98.0 ± 9.4 | 98.9 ± 10.7 | 84.77 ± 4.50 &,* | 99.3 ± 5.7 | 74.1 ± 5.44 &,* | 101.6 ± 7.1 | 71.5 ± 7.7 &,*,# | |
| Insulin (ng/ml) | 18.8 ± 0.7 | 19.1 ± 0.6 | 18.8 ± 0.8 | 17.60 ± 0.52 &,* | 18.8 ± 0.4 | 15.8 ± 1.1 &,* | 19.1 ± 0.5 | 15.3 ± 0.8 &,*,# | |
| HOMA -IR | 4.5 ± 0.7 | 4.6 ± 0.5 | 4.6 ± 0.5 | 3.69 ± 0.25 &,* | 4.6 ± 0.3 | 2.9 ± 0.3 &,* | 4.8 ± 0.4 | 2.7 ± 0.3 &,*,# | |
CG: Control group; SG: Supplement group; TG: training group; TSG: training + Supplement group BMI: Body Mass Index; FFM: Fat-Free Mass; HOMA-IR: Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance
& Significant difference compared to pre-test values (p < 0.05)
* Significant difference from the control group (p < 0.05)
# Significant interaction between time and groups (p < 0.05)