Table 2.
Characteristics of included studies
| Study | Country | Study design | Mean follow-up period (month) | Mean age, y | No.of patients | Sex (M/F) | Outcome indicators | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Robot type | RA | FH | RA | FH | |||||
| Cao 2017 [23] | China | RCS | 14.7 | 44.7 | 47.9 |
N = 56 RA = 20 FH = 36 |
10/10 | 19/17 | Healing rate; Length of healing time; Harris score; Operation time; Frequency of X-ray fluoroscopy; Frequency of guide pin insertion; Intraoperative blood loss |
| Universal Robots | |||||||||
| Chen 2023 [28] | China | RCS | 31.4 | 43.6 ± 13.7 | 45.7 ± 12.7 |
N = 68 RA = 32 FH = 36 |
18/14 | 17/19 | Harris score; Operation time; Frequency of X-ray fluoroscopy; Frequency of guide pin insertion; Intraoperative blood loss |
| TiRobot | |||||||||
| Duan 2019 [26] | China | RCS | 13.6 | 61.7 ± 5.2 | 62.1 ± 4.1 |
N = 49 RA = 26 FH = 23 |
11/15 | 9/14 | Healing rate; Length of healing time; Harris score; Operation time; Frequency of X-ray fluoroscopy; Frequency of guide pin insertion; Intraoperative blood loss |
| TiRobot | |||||||||
| Huang 2017 [18] | China | RCS | 19.6 | 59.4 ± 5.6 | 59.1 ± 4.9 |
N = 64 RA = 32 FH = 32 |
10/22 | 12/20 | Length of healing time; Harris score; Operation time; Frequency of X-ray fluoroscopy; Frequency of guide pin insertion; Intraoperative blood loss |
| Bi⁃planar robot | |||||||||
| Huang 2023 [29] | China | RCS | 22.2 | 48.2 ± 11.9 | 48.5 ± 9.8 |
N = 53 RA = 25 FH = 28 |
11/14 | 12/16 | Length of healing time; Harris score; Operation time; Frequency of X-ray fluoroscopy; Frequency of guide pin insertion; Intraoperative blood loss |
| TiRobot Advance | |||||||||
| Jing 2022 [22] | China | RCS | 7.0 | 55.2 | 55 |
N = 74 RA = 31 FH = 43 |
11/20 | 14/29 | Healing rate; Length of healing time; Harris score; Intraoperative blood loss |
| TiRobot | |||||||||
| Lei 2021 [25] | China | RCS | 6.0 | 51.86 ± 4.89 | 51.33 ± 4.3 |
N = 42 RA = 21 FH = 21 |
12/9 | 14/7 | Healing rate; Length of healing time; Harris score; Operation time; Frequency of X-ray fluoroscopy; Frequency of guide pin insertion; Intraoperative blood loss |
| TiRobot | |||||||||
| Liao 2022 [30] | China | RCS | 8.0 | 44.1 ± 8.7 | 48.8 ± 8.0 |
N = 28 RA = 14 FH = 14 |
6/8 | 7/7 | Length of healing time; Harris score; Operation time; Frequency of X-ray fluoroscopy |
| TiRobot II | |||||||||
| Liu 2015 [24] | China | RCS | 12.5 | 65.2 ± 4.2 | 60.5 ± 5.1 |
N = 46 RA = 21 FH = 25 |
8/13 | 11/14 | Length of healing time; Harris score; Operation time; Frequency of X-ray fluoroscopy; Frequency of guide pin insertion; Intraoperative blood loss |
| GD-2000 | |||||||||
| Nie 2023 [17] | China | RCS | 14.9 | 56.00 ± 4.22 | 54.87 ± 4.81 |
N = 41 RA = 18 FH = 23 |
8/10 | 10/13 | Harris score; Operation time; Frequency of X-ray fluoroscopy; Frequency of guide pin insertion; Intraoperative blood loss |
| TiRobot | |||||||||
| Tong 2016 [21] | China | RCS | 18.0 | 47.5 | 51.5 |
N = 38 RA = 20 FH = 18 |
12/8 | 11/7 | Healing rate; Length of healing time; Harris score; Operation time; Frequency of X-ray fluoroscopy; Frequency of guide pin insertion; Intraoperative blood loss |
| TiRobot | |||||||||
| Wang 2019 [6] | China | RCS | 12.0 | 49.03 ± 8.23 | 49.80 ± 7.68 |
N = 128 RA = 63 FH = 65 |
30/33 | 31/34 | Healing rate; Harris score; Operation time; Frequency of X-ray fluoroscopy; Frequency of guide pin insertion; Intraoperative blood loss |
| TiRobot | |||||||||
| Yi 2022 [31] | China | RCT | 18.0 | 58.5 ± 6.3 | 57.5 ± 5.3 |
N = 68 RA = 32 FH = 36 |
19/13 | 16/20 | Length of healing time; Harris score; Operation time |
| TINAVI | |||||||||
| Zhu 2021 [27] | China | RCS | 38.8 | 47.9 ± 13.5 | 47.7 ± 12.6 |
N = 153 RA = 50 FH = 83 |
26/24 | 47/36 | Healing rate; Harris score; Operation time; Frequency of X-ray fluoroscopy; Intraoperative blood loss |
| TiRobot | |||||||||