Table 3.

Risk of bias assessment of the cohort studies

RCS	Selection	Comparability	Outcome	Total
Cao 2017 [23]	✩ ✩ ✩	✩	✩✩✩	✩✩✩✩✩✩✩
Chen 2023 [28]	✩ ✩ ✩ ✩	✩	✩✩✩	✩✩✩✩✩✩✩✩
Duan 2019 [26]	✩ ✩ ✩ ✩	✩	✩✩✩	✩✩✩✩✩✩✩✩
Huang 2017 [18]	✩ ✩ ✩	✩	✩✩✩	✩✩✩✩✩✩✩
Huang 2023 [29]	✩ ✩ ✩ ✩	✩	✩✩✩	✩✩✩✩✩✩✩✩
Jing 2022 [22]	✩ ✩ ✩ ✩	✩	✩✩	✩✩✩✩✩✩✩
Lei 2021 [25]	✩ ✩ ✩	✩	✩✩✩	✩✩✩✩✩✩✩
Liao 2022 [30]	✩ ✩ ✩✩	✩	✩✩✩	✩✩✩✩✩✩✩✩
Liu 2015 [24]	✩ ✩ ✩	✩	✩✩	✩✩✩✩✩✩✩
Nie 2023 [17]	✩ ✩ ✩	✩	✩✩✩	✩✩✩✩✩✩✩
Tong 2016 [21]	✩ ✩ ✩	✩	✩✩✩	✩✩✩✩✩✩✩
Wang 2019 [6]	✩ ✩ ✩	✩	✩✩✩	✩✩✩✩✩✩✩
Zhu 2021 [27]	✩ ✩ ✩ ✩		✩✩✩	✩✩✩✩✩✩✩