Table 2.

Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for hematological parameters trajectories associated with incident severity of COVID-19

Hematological parameters	Trajectories	Unadjusted model		Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
		HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	P
Red blood cell count	Decreasing (ref.)
	Increasing	0.651 [0.318, 1.331]	0.239	1.075 [0.507, 2.278]	0.85	1.039 [0.479, 2.250]	0.923	1.055 [0.488, 2.279]	0.891
Red cell distribution width (SD)	Low-increasing (ref.)
	High-increasing	3.654 [1.406, 9.497]	0.008	1.063 [0.357, 3.169]	0.913	1.043 [0.349, 3.118]	0.941	0.962 [0.308, 3.009]	0.947
Red cell distribution width (CV)	Stable (ref.)
	Decreasing	0.000 [0.000, Inf]	0.997	0.000 [0.000, Inf]	0.997	0.000 [0.000, Inf]	0.997	0.000 [0.000, Inf]	0.997
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin	N-shape (ref.)
	Increasing	0.601 [0.144, 2.514]	0.486	0.436 [0.102, 1.867]	0.263	0.421 [0.098, 1.810]	0.245	0.406 [0.091, 1.811]	0.237
Mean corpuscular volume	N-shape (ref.)
	Increasing	0.732 [0.175, 3.059]	0.669	0.651 [0.154, 2.760]	0.561	0.638 [0.150, 2.711]	0.543	0.685 [0.157, 2.983]	0.614
White blood cell count	U-shape (ref.)
	Decreasing	1.738 [0.861, 3.508]	0.123	0.795 [0.361, 1.752]	0.569	0.744 [0.327, 1.693]	0.482	0.728 [0.315, 1.679]	0.456
Neutrophil count	Inverted N shape (ref.)
	N-shape	0.261 [0.080, 0.854]	0.026	0.481 [0.144, 1.611]	0.236	0.486 [0.144, 1.644]	0.246	0.499 [0.146, 1.699]	0.266
Lymphocytes count	stable (ref.)
	Low-decreasing	0.787 [0.369, 1.677]	0.534	0.969 [0.431, 2.182]	0.94	0.981 [0.433, 2.222]	0.963	0.922 [0.392, 2.169]	0.853
	U-shape	4.287 [1.275, 14.413]	0.019	3.584 [1.039, 12.363]	0.043	3.778 [1.054, 13.544]	0.041	3.823 [1.027, 14.231]	0.045
Lymphocyte percentage	Decreasing (ref.)
	U-shape	2.406 [0.733, 7.891]	0.148	2.662 [0.794, 8.919]	0.113	2.654 [0.784, 8.984]	0.117	2.757 [0.790, 9.621]	0.112
Basophil count	Stable (ref.)
	Increasing	0.364 [0.087, 1.519]	0.166	0.628 [0.145, 2.722]	0.535	0.536 [0.117, 2.457]	0.422	0.558 [0.122, 2.557]	0.453
Basophil percentage	Stable (ref.)
	Inverted U-shape	0.517 [0.071, 3.783]	0.516	1.058 [0.141, 7.935]	0.956	0.957 [0.123, 7.449]	0.967	1.074 [0.134, 8.584]	0.946
Eosinophil percentage	N-shape (ref.)
	Stable	0.711 [0.170, 2.968]	0.64	0.391 [0.091, 1.688]	0.209	0.380 [0.087, 1.651]	0.197	0.338 [0.075, 1.517]	0.157
Monocyte count	J-shape (ref.)
	Inverted U-shape	0.464 [0.109, 1.965]	0.297	0.931 [0.201, 4.317]	0.928	0.866 [0.185, 4.046]	0.855	0.736 [0.148, 3.659]	0.708
Monocyte percentage	J-shape (ref.)
	Inverted U-shape	0.683 [0.209, 2.237]	0.529	0.959 [0.277, 3.325]	0.948	0.983 [0.272, 3.559]	0.979	1.069 [0.292, 3.913]	0.92
Blood platelet count	U-shape (ref.)
	Inverted U-shape	0.492 [0.172, 1.404]	0.185	1.612 [0.521, 4.986]	0.407	1.608 [0.518, 4.997]	0.411	1.678 [0.532, 5.300]	0.377
Monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio	U-shape (ref.)
	Increasing	0.694 [0.208, 2.314]	0.552	0.407 [0.115, 1.439]	0.163	0.376 [0.103, 1.374]	0.139	0.388 [0.108, 1.398]	0.148
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio	N-shape (ref.)
	Stable	0.336 [0.102, 1.102]	0.072	0.533 [0.125, 2.276]	0.396	0.541 [0.126, 2.326]	0.409	0.530 [0.120, 2.350]	0.404
Eosinophil-to-lymphocyte ratio	Stable (ref.)
	Increasing	1.808 [0.523, 6.258]	0.350	1.536 [0.416, 5.673]	0.520	1.646 [0.440, 6.162]	0.459	1.574 [0.417, 5.936]	0.503
Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio	N-shape (ref.)
	Stable	0.878 [0.305, 2.530]	0.809	0.429 [0.145, 1.271]	0.127	0.420 [0.139, 1.271]	0.125	0.436 [0.140, 1.356]	0.151
	U-shape	1.335 [0.376, 4.737]	0.654	0.570 [0.158, 2.059]	0.391	0.541 [0.147, 1.995]	0.356	0.530 [0.142, 1.971]	0.343

Ref. The reference group in the model; Model 1: adjusted for baseline age, gender, and BMI; Model 2: further adjusted for smoking status and drinking habits; Model 3: further adjusted for hypertension and diabetes

Red cell distribution width (SD), red blood cell distribution width standard deviation; Red cell distribution width (CV), red blood cell distribution width coefficient of variation