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. 2023 Oct 7;133(1):169–182. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcad151

Table 1.

PERMANOVA results from for different sample groups of microbiome data.

Group Degrees of freedom Sum of squares R 2 F (P)
Sample type (kelp, seawater, substrate) 2 9.05 0.22 15.70 (0.001)
Kelp vs. seawater 1 6.49 0.19 23.75 (0.001)
Kelp vs. substrate 1 3.06 0.01 10.33 (0.001)
Substrate vs. seawater 1 2.64 0.23 8.40 (0.001)
Location (within kelp) 8 9.86 0.43 6.98 (0.001)
Species (within kelp) 1 0.08 3.43 × 10-3 0.44 (0.98)