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. 2024 Mar 8;24(1):18. doi: 10.5334/ijic.7659

Table 3.

Implemented models of integrated care in epilepsy management.


IMPLEMENTED MODEL COMPONENTS*

National Clinical Programme for Epilepsy
[42,46,47,48,49,50]
  • Cross-sector collaboration: community supports, secondary care, tertiary care

  • MDTs: nursing, primary care, neurology, epileptology, emergency medicine

  • CPGs & care pathways: Integrated care pathway for emergency department seizure management

  • ENs: triage and connect PLWE with services across sectors

  • Care coordination: often performed by nurse or EN

  • CMPs: ENs play a key role in assessing care arrangements

  • Education for HCPs: education on care pathways for new and junior staff

  • Education for PLWE & families: education sessions provided by HCPs

  • SDM: facilitated by EN and through CMPs

  • Telehealth: telephone advice line virtual clinics to enhance communication between HCPs

  • Shared EMRs: shared across epilepsy services to improve care coordination


Epilepsy nurse-led model [42]
  • Cross-sector collaboration: primary, secondary, tertiary care sectors

  • MDTs: doctors, specialists, nurses, ENs

  • Care coordination: ENs coordinate care across health and social care services

  • Psychological services: ENs provide psychological and wellbeing support

  • CMPs: ENs complete comprehensive treatment assessments

  • Education for PLWE & families: ENs provide person-centred education to promote confidence to self-manage

  • SDM: ENs engage in SDM with PLWE and families to enhance care outcomes

  • Telehealth: ENs operate telephone advice lines to assist with PLWE and family concerns

  • Shared EMRs: utilised by ENs as a guide to structure healthcare information


Integrated care pathway for seizure management in emergency department [46,47]
  • MDTs: inter-specialty approach; emergency department hospital staff and rapid clinic staff

  • CPGs & care pathways: embedded national guidelines into care pathway

  • Education for HCPs: provided for junior doctors and new staff

  • ENs: EN service for triage and discharge follow-up


Integrated care pathway for homeless PLWE [41]
  • Cross-sector collaboration: health, community sectors

  • MDTs: community services staff, hospital staff, epilepsy specialist

  • CPGs & care pathways: new care pathway for homeless PLWE

  • CMPs: jointly created treatment plans disseminated across providers

  • Shared EMRs: care plans and outcomes shared on hospital records, national epilepsy patient record, and community records


Urgent epilepsy clinic [43]
  • MDTs: epilepsy physicians, triage nurses, social worker

  • Psychosocial services: clinic focused on education, counselling, and addressing psychosocial risk factors

  • CMPs: seizure action plans deployed to improve knowledge around home seizure management

  • Education for HCPs: epilepsy education on seizure management

  • Education for PLWE & families: facilitated by seizure action plan development

  • Shared EMRs: used to manage the proper dosing of emergency seizure medications


Neurocare service [44]
  • Cross-sector collaboration: primary care, hospital, community sectors

  • MDTs: hospital discharge team and community neurological nurses

  • Care coordination: community neurological nurses helped PLWE navigate multiple providers

  • CMPs: community neurological nurse-led individual goal setting and action planning

  • Education for PLWE & families: community neurological nurses provided education about medications, symptom management and lifestyle changes

  • SDM: community neurological nurses worked with PLWE on their self-management planning

  • Telehealth: care delivery modes included telephone, videoconferencing, email, and text messaging


Children and Young People’s Health Partnership Evelina London Model [45]
  • Cross-sector collaboration: primary care, hospital, community sectors

  • MDTs: children’s nurses, general practitioners, paediatricians, mental health specialists

  • Care coordination: children’s nurses coordinate and deliver care across sectors

  • Psychosocial services: biopsychosocial pre-assessment to inform early intervention care

  • SDM: active family involvement in decision making processes and shared learning

  • Telehealth: nurses communicated with families via telephone, email, and text messaging


*As reported within relevant articles; MDT, multidisciplinary team; PLWE, people living with epilepsy; HCP, healthcare professional; EN, epilepsy nurse; CPGs, clinical practice guidelines; CMPs, care management plans; SDM, shared decision-making; EMR, electronic medical record.