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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Mol Cell Neurosci. 2023 Jun 12;126:103874. doi: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103874

Figure 4 – Effects of morphine treatment in germ-free mice.

Figure 4 –

(A) Heatmap of relative expression of all genes with nominal p value < 0.05 between GF-Sal and GF-Mor groups. Scale is of z-scored FPKM values. (B) Concentration of morphine solutions used to inject conventionally raised mice (Control) and germ-free mice (Sterile filtered). (C-E) Between group comparisons of mu (Oprm1), kappa (Oprk1), and delta (Oprd1) receptor transcript levels for all groups. All data are presented as mean ± S.E.M.; ** p < 0.01 on Holm-Sidak post-hoc test.