Table 3.
Top Potentially Driver-Impairing Medication Classes Stopped Following a Motor Vehicle Crash, 2008-2017.
| Medication Class Stoppeda n (%) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | Overall N= 124,954 person-crashes |
ADRD n= 10,358 person-crashes |
Healthcare encounter after crashb n= 48,385 person-crashes |
No healthcare encounter after crashb n= 76,569 person-crashes |
| 1 | Opioids 7,800 (6.2) |
Opioids 767 (7.4) |
Opioids 3,690 (7.6) |
Opioids 4,110 (5.4) |
| 2 | Antihistamines 2,667 (2.1) |
Antihistamines 277 (2.7) |
Antihistamines 1,197 (2.5) |
Antihistamines 1,470 (1.9) |
| 3 | Thiazide Diuretics 2,092 (1.7) |
Antiepileptics 215 (2.1) |
Thiazide Diuretics 887 (1.8) |
Thiazide Diuretics 1,205 (1.6) |
| 4 | Calcium Channel Blockers 1,789 (1.4) |
Thiazide Diuretics 212 (2.0) |
Calcium Channel Blockers 817 (1.7) |
ACE Inhibitors 1,003 (1.3) |
| 5 | Benzodiazepines 1,761 (1.4) |
Beta Blockers 205 (2.0) |
Benzodiazepines 813 (1.7) |
Beta Blockers 974 (1.3) |
| 6 | ACE Inhibitors 1,688 (1.4) |
Calcium Channel Blockers 201 (1.9) |
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants 794 (1.6) |
Calcium Channel Blockers 972 (1.3) |
| 7 | Beta Blockers 1,618 (1.3) |
SSRI Antidepressants 197 (1.9) |
Antiepileptics 715 (1.5) |
Benzodiazepines 948 (1.2) |
| 8 | Skeletal Muscle Relaxants 1,592 (1.3) |
ACE Inhibitors 190 (1.8) |
Loop Diuretics 709 (1.5) |
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants 798 (1.0) |
| 9 | Loop Diuretics 1,419 (1.1) |
Benzodiazepines 179 (1.7) |
ACE Inhibitors 685 (1.4) |
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers 731 (1.0) |
| 10 | Antiepileptics 1,353 (1.1) |
Non-benzodiazepine Hypnotics 174 (1.7) |
Beta Blockers 644 (1.3) |
Non-benzodiazepine Hypnotics 712 (0.9) |
Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; ADRD, Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.
a
Stopping a medication class was defined as use of the medication class in the 120 days prior to crash and no use of the medication class in the 120 days after the crash.
b
A healthcare encounter was defined as a hospital admission, emergency department visit, or outpatient office visit within 8 days of the motor vehicle crash (i.e., the day of the crash plus 7 days beyond that).