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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2024 Jan 19;17(2):e010115. doi: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.123.010115

Table 2.

Comparing demographic and clinical characteristics across fatigue subtypes.

High
General/High
Exertional Fatigue
High
General/Low
Exertional
Fatigue
Moderate
General/
Moderate
Exertional Fatigue
Low/No
Fatigue
Estimated sample size n=175 n=275 n=218 n=397
Age 1.01 (0.96, 1.00) 1.05 (1.01, 1.10) 1.02 (0.97, 1.00) REF
Sex 5.81 (3.20, 10.53) 2.00 (1.27, 3.17) 0.88 (0.48, 1.61)
Race 3.36 (2.07, 5.47) 0.79 (0.47, 1.32) 0.41 (0.17, 1.00)
Education:
Less than High School 5.49 (3.31, 9.12) 1.76 (0.97, 3.16) 1.22 (0.53, 2.83)
High School/Vocational 0.79 (0.49, 1.28) 1.08 (0.68, 1.72) 1.38 (0.79, 2.40)
College 0.40 (0.21, 0.76) 0.85 (0.52, 1.39) 0.68 (0.36, 1.28)
Graduate/Professional 0.06 (0.002, 1.61) 0.46 (0.22, 0.97) 0.76 (0.37, 1.58)
Area Deprivation Index (OR for one SD increase in ADI) 2.03 (1.58, 2.62) 1.04 (0.83, 1.32) 0.78 (0.58, 1.06)
Smoking Status:
Current Smoker 0.96 (0.32, 2.88) 0.28 (0.03, 2.42) 6.84 (0.73, 64.1)
Former Smoker 0.60 (0.30, 1.22) 0.76 (0.37, 1.55) 3.95 (0.49, 32.0)
Never Smoker 1.09 (0.54, 2.22) 0.90 (0.42, 1.92) 2.67 (0.31, 23.2)
Systolic blood pressure 1.01 (0.99, 1.02) 1.01 (1.00, 1.02) 0.99 (0.98, 1.01)
Body Mass Index (OR for each 1 unit increase in BMI) 1.20 (1.13, 1.27) 1.00 (0.95, 1.09) 1.09 (1.02, 1.16)
Comorbidities:
Diabetes 4.40 (2.61, 7.41) 1.20 (0.74, 1.94) 1.61 (0.92, 2.84)
Atrial fibrillation 1.48 (0.82, 2.47) 0.97 (0.52, 1.80) 1.93 (1.04, 3.60)
Coronary heart disease 0.82 (0.51, 1.30) 0.80 (0.50, 1.28) 1.96 (1.10, 3.51)
Medications:
Beta Blockers 0.97 (0.61, 1.54) 0.86 (0.54, 1.36) 3.23 (1.41, 7.39)
Loop Diuretics 2.85 (1.77, 4.58) 1.00 (0.57, 1.78) 1.84 (1.02, 3.34)
CNS Depressants 2.75 (1.55, 4.88) 1.56 (0.78, 3.10) 0.88 (0.30, 2.64)
Kidney function(sCr & cystatin C eGFR, ml/min/1.73m2) 0.98 (0.97, 1.00) 0.99 (0.98, 1.00) 0.98 (0.97, 1.00)
Cardiac Biomarkers
NT-proBNP (>= 450 pg/mL) 1.24 (0.75, 2.05) 1.13 (0.69, 1.86) 1.71 (0.99, 3.03)
hs-Troponin T (>= 14 ng/L) 1.74 (1.07, 2.83) 1.04 (0.66, 1.65) 2.85 (1.51, 5.37)
Pulmonary function:
% predicted FVC 0.98 (0.97, 1.00) 1.01 (1.00, 1.01) 0.99 (0.98, 1.00)
% predicted FVC/FEV1 0.99 (0.98, 1.01) 1.01 (1.00, 1.03) 0.99 (0.98, 1.01)
Depressive Symptoms 1.77 (1.53, 2.10) 1.35 (1.20, 1.52) 1.26 (1.12, 1.42)

Odds ratios (OR) are represented as OR (95% CI) and are from multinomial latent class regression accounting for most likely class membership classification error. Sample size is estimated based on most likely subtype membership. Abbreviations: OR = odds ratio; CNS = central nervous system; NT-proBNP= N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide; hs-troponin T = high sensitivity cardiac troponin T; ADI = area deprivation index; BMI = body mass index; sCr = serum creatinine; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate, mmHg = millimeters of mercury; FVC = forced vital capacity; FVC/FEV1 = Forced vital capacity to Forced expiratory volume in 1 second ratio.