Table 2.

Characteristics associated with the magnitude of diuretic tolerance in very preterm infants with BPD exposed to repeated-dose furosemide

Characteristic	Diuretic tolerance, measured as the change in fluid balance between the first and third 24 hours of furosemide exposure, ml/kg/d
	Adjusted mean difference (95% CI) ^a	p-value
Furosemide route of administration, gastric as reference	-	-
Intravenous	−13.4 (−31.2, 4.4)	0.14
Post-pyloric	−7.2 (−18.6, 4.2)	0.21
Furosemide dose, intravenous equivalent, 0.5 as reference, mg/kg	-	-
1.0	−3.1 (−23.3, 17.2)	0.76
Furosemide dose frequency, every 12 hours as reference	-	-
Every 24 hours	−12.9 (−34.6, 8.8)	0.24
Hydrocortisone co-administration	12.4 (−5.7, 30.5)	0.18
Dopamine co-administration	18.5 (1.4, 35.6)	0.04
Postmenstrual age at exposure, per week	−1.10 (−2.22, 0.02)	0.05

Adjusted mean difference for change in fluid balance estimated through multivariable linear regression with robust variance estimates. For categorical variables, negative values reflect less tolerance compared to reference; positive values reflect more tolerance. Furosemide route of administration, dose and dose frequency included as covariates a priori. Hydrocortisone and dopamine co-exposure included due to association with diuretic tolerance at p < 0.10 in bivariable analysis.