Table 2.

Results of Mixed Effects Regression Models Estimating the Association Between Protein Intake (grams) Consumed Within 4 Hours Prior to a Bout of Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity and Glycemia During Physical Activity (n=112, bouts=447)

Category of Protein Intake	TIR			TBR			TAR
	Estimate	P-Value	95% CI	Estimate	P-Value	95% CI	Estimate	P-Value	95% CI
	Unadjusted Models
< 10 grams protein (bouts=99)	0.80%	0.90	(−11.80%, 13.39%)	−1.06%	0.62	(−5.33%, 3.21%)	0.26%	0.97	(−12.82%, 13.34%)
10 – 19.9 grams protein (bouts=122)	−1.45%	0.81	(−13.59%, 10.69%)	−5.08%	0.02	(−9.19%, −0.97%)	6.15%	0.34	(−6.47%, 18.76%)
≥ 20 grams protein (bouts=159)	2.36%	0.69	(−9.30%, 14.02%)	−5.86%	<0.01	(−9.80%, −1.91%)	3.56%	0.56	(−8.56%, 15.67%)
	Fully Adjusted Models*
< 10 grams protein (bouts=99)	2.58%	0.69	(−10.22%, 15.39%)	−0.46%	0.33	(−6.84%, 2.30%)	−2.03%	0.76	(−15.30%, 11.23%)
10 – 19.9 grams protein (bouts=122)	0.22%	0.97	(−12.10%, 12.54%)	−4.41%	0.04	(−8.57%, −0.25%)	3.85%	0.55	(−8.93%, 16.62%)
≥ 20 grams protein (bouts=159)	1.19%	0.85	(−11.17%, 13.54%)	−4.83%	0.02	(−9.00%, −0.66%)	3.74%	0.56	(−9.07%, 16.53%)

^*Estimates are adjusted for Estimates were adjusted for intervention group, study site, age, sex, insulin regimen, previous day insulin dose (units/kg), estimated body fat percentage, bout MET/mins, pre-exercise carbohydrate intake, and hours until midnight.

Reference Group = No Protein Intake Within 4 Hours Prior to MVPA Bouts (bouts=67)