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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Psychol Health Med. 2023 Nov 22;29(3):589–602. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2283401

Table 2.

Bivariate and multivariate data models for COVID-19 vaccination

Odds Ratios
Political Affiliation Model 1
Total Sample
(N=804)
Model 2
Republican Sample
(N=205)
Model 3
Democrat Sample
(N=353)
Model 1A Model 1B Model 2A Model 2B Model 3A Model 3B
OR
(95% CI)
aOR
(95% CI)
OR
(95% CI)
aOR
(95% CI)
OR
(95% CI)
aOR
(95% CI)
SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES
Age 1.02 (1.01-1.03) * 1.02 (1.00-1.04) * 1.02 (1.01-1.03) * 1.02 (0.98-1.06) 1.01 (0.99-1.03) 1.02 (0.99-1.06)
Sex assigned at birth 0.95 (0.71-1.28) 1.39 (0.91-2.14) 0.814 (0.46-1.43) 0.78 (0.31-1.96) 0.69 (0.41-1.16) 1.39 (0.69-2.81)
Race (Ref: White) REF REF REF REF REF REF
Non-Hispanic Black 0.76 (0.52-1.13) 1.10 (0.62-1.94) 1.31 (0.45-3.78) 0.66 (0.15-2.93) 0.58 (0.32-1.02) 1.09 (0.51-2.34)
Hispanic 1.17 (0.69-1.98) 1.18 (0.56-2.47) 1.57 (0.51-4.81) 0.34 (0.06-2.03) 1.61 (0.64-4.08) 2.66 (0.80-8.79)
Other 1.44 (0.83-2.52) 1.30 (0.62-2.74) 1.57 (0.51-4.81) 1.20 (0.24-6.07) 2.40 (0.69-8.30) 2.63 (0.54-12.92)
Household Income Level 1.65 (1.22-2.22) * 1.45 (0.93-2.27) 1.41 (0.81-2.47) 2.11 (0.75-5.96) 1.95 (1.14-3.36) * 1.11 (0.55-2.26)
Education Level 2.32 (1.72-3.12) * 1.56 (1.01-2.41) * 2.02 (1.14-3.59) * 1.07 (0.40-2.86) 2.00 (1.20-3.31) * 1.49 *0.75-2.93)
Political Affiliation (Ref: Republican) REF REF X X X X
Democrat 2.51 (1.73-3.64) * 0.81 (0.43-1.53) X X X X
Other 0.85 (0.59-1.24) 0.61 (0.34-1.08) X X X X
COVID-19 DISEASE AND VACCINE BELIEF VARIABLES
Concerned the vaccines are being developed too quickly 0.09 (0.07-0.13) * 0.46 (0.28-0.75) * 0.06 (0.03-0.14) * 0.18 (0.06-0.57) * 0.10 (0.06-0.18) * 0.40 (0.19-0.86) *
Worried about bad side effects from the vaccines 0.08 (0.05-0.11) * 0.19 (0.12-0.32) * 0.06 (0.03-0.12) * 0.15 (0.05-0.47) * 0.08 (0.05-0.15) * 0.14 (0.06-0.31) *
The coronavirus is a hoax 0.30 (0.15-0.63) * 0.80 (0.33-1.95) 0.35 (0.13-0.92) * 0.96 (0.24-3.86) 0.28 (0.07-1.14) 1.51 (0.30-7.66)
BELIEFS ABOUT COVID-19 PREVENTION BEHAVIORS VARIABLES
Belief that face masks will help stop the spread of the coronavirus 5.42 (3.88-7.58) * 1.97 (1.19-3.26) * 4.14 (2.30-7.46) * 2.09 (0.81-5.37) 2.60 (1.25-5.38) * 2.11 (0.78-5.72)
Belief that vaccines prevent getting the coronavirus 11.09 (7.88-15.59) * 3.15 (2.00-4.94) * 11.46 (5.91-22.23) * 3.29 (1.29-8.37) * 7.05 (4.03-12.44) * 2.09 (0.99-4.40)
SOCIAL NETWORK FEATURES VARIABLES
Belief that majority of friends will get vaccinated 8.91 (6.35-12.51) * 3.01 (1.91-4.75) * 10.20 (5.30-19.64) * 6.19 (2.39-16.05) * 5.64 (3.22-9.89) * 1.74 (0.82-3.72)
Political homogeneity in friendships 0.89 (0.86-0.92) * 0.98 (0.92-1.04) 0.91 (0.84-0.98) * 0.95 (0.82-1.10) 0.90 (0.83-0.96) * 0.93 (0.85-1.03)

Note: Bolded* indicates statistical significance (p<0.05)