Table 1.

Demographic and medical characteristics of study sample

Maternal characteristics (N = 65)	M (SD) or % (n)
Minoritized race or ethnicity	49% (32/65)
American Indian / Alaska Native race	0% (0/65)
Asian race	3.1% (2/65)
Black or African American race	12% (8/65)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander race	1.5% (1/65)
White race	57% (37/65)
More than one race	14% (9/65)
Unknown/not reported race	12% (8/65)
Hispanic/Latino/a ethnicity	28% (18/65)
Low SES: Hollingshead level 5	17% (11/65)
Maternal education: < HS/GED	22% (14/65)
No partner	28% (18/65)
Infant characteristics (N = 73)	M (SD) or % (n)
Sex = Male	56% (41/73)
Multiple gestation	29% (21/73)
Vaginal delivery	30% (22/73)
Severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)	2.7% (2/73)
Necrotizing enterocolitis/sepsis	19% (14/73)
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)	63% (46/73)
Serious brain injury	12% (9/73)
GA at birth (weeks)	27.13 (1.9)
Head circumference (cm)	24.48 (2.12)
GA at NICU discharge (weeks)	41.15 (4.5)
Length of NICU stay (days)	99.93 (37.7)
Birth weight (g)	914.3 (241)
Weight at discharge (g)	3309 (934)

Note. There were 73 infants born to 65 mothers included in the current analyses. Number of infants and mothers are different due to multiple births. Minority race or ethnicity was defined as any non-White race (e.g., Black, Asian) or ethnicity (e.g., Hispanic and/or Latino/a). Serious brain injury included parenchymal echodensity, periventricular leukomalacia, or ventricular dilation diagnosed via cranial ultrasound. SES, socioeconomic status; HS, high school; GED, General Equivalency Diploma; GA, gestational age; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit.