. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Apr 1.

Published in final edited form as: Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2024 Feb 28;36(4):452–468. doi: 10.1097/MEG.0000000000002712

Table 3:

Sequential Cox Regression Analysis Using Donor Sex as a Prognostic Risk Factor for Specific Causes of Death in Liver Transplant Recipients with Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

Male vs Female Donor
(A) Death due to General Cardiac Causes						(B) Death due to Graft Biliary Complications
Incidence Rates per 1000 Person-Years						Incidence Rates per 1000 Person-Years
			Male	2.82	(1.80 - 4.19)				Male	0.12	(0.00 - 0.65)
			Female	3.50	(2.20 - 5.30)				Female	0.80	(0.26 - 1.86)
Raw Incidence						Raw Incidence
			Male	22					Male	5
			Female	24					Female	1
Sequential Cox Regression Analysis						Sequential Cox Regression Analysis
	Model	p-value		aHR	95% CI		Model	p-value		aHR	95% CI
	1	0.48		0.81	(0.45 - 1.45)		1	0.07		0.13	(0.02 - 1.15)
	2	0.48		0.81	(0.45 - 1.45)		2	0.07		0.13	(0.02 - 1.16)
	3	0.47		0.81	(0.45 - 1.45)		3	0.06		0.12	(0.01 - 1.08)
	^† FM	0.35		0.75	(0.41 - 1.36)		^† FM	0.07		0.10	(0.01 - 1.19)
(C) Death due to Graft Infections						(D) Death due to Recurrent Liver Disease
Incidence Rates per 1000 Person-Years						Incidence Rates per 1000 Person-Years
			Male	0.00	(0.00 - 0.43)				Male	1.06	(0.48 - 2.00)
			Female	0.32	(0.04 - 1.15)				Female	1.43	(0.66 - 2.72)
Raw Incidence						Raw Incidence
			Male	2					Male	9
			Female	0					Female	9
Sequential Cox Regression Analysis						Sequential Cox Regression Analysis
	Model	p-value		aHR	95% CI		Model	p-value		aHR	95% CI
	1	1.00		0.00	(0.00 - Inf)		1	0.48		0.72	(0.28 - 1.82)
	2	1.00		0.00	(0.00 - Inf)		2	0.49		0.72	(0.28 - 1.82)
	3	1.00		0.00	(0.00 - Inf)		3	0.49		0.72	(0.28 - 1.82)
	^† FM	0.98		0.00	(0.00 - Inf)		^† FM	0.56		0.75	(0.29 - 1.96)
(E) Death due to Graft Rejection						(F) Death due to Graft Vascular Complications
Incidence Rates per 1000 Person-Years						Incidence Rates per 1000 Person-Years
			Male	0.82	(0.33 - 1.69)				Male	0.23	(0.03 - 0.85)
			Female	1.59	(0.76 - 2.93)				Female	0.64	(0.17 - 1.63)
Raw Incidence						Raw Incidence
			Male	10					Male	4
			Female	7					Female	2
Sequential Cox Regression Analysis						Sequential Cox Regression Analysis
	Model	p-value		aHR	95% CI		Model	p-value		aHR	95% CI
	1	0.15		0.49	(0.19 - 1.29)		1	0.26		0.37	(0.07 - 2.06)
	2	0.16		0.50	(0.19 - 1.31)		2	0.28		0.39	(0.07 - 2.14)
	3	0.13		0.47	(0.17 - 1.25)		3	0.24		0.35	(0.06 - 1.98)
	^† FM	0.07		0.38	(0.13 - 1.08)		^† FM	0.15		0.26	(0.04 - 1.65)
(G) Death due to General Respiratory Causes						(H) Death due to General Infectious Causes
Incidence Rates per 1000 Person-Years						Incidence Rates per 1000 Person-Years
			Male	1.17	(0.56 - 2.16)				Male	7.51	(5.79 - 9.58)
			Female	2.39	(1.34 - 3.94)				Female	7.80	(5.78 - 10.30)
Raw Incidence						Raw Incidence
			Male	15					Male	49
			Female	10					Female	64
Sequential Cox Regression Analysis						Sequential Cox Regression Analysis
	Model	p-value		aHR	95% CI		Model	p-value		aHR	95% CI
	1	0.08		0.49	(0.22 - 1.09)		1	0.89		0.97	(0.67 - 1.42)
	2	0.10		0.51	(0.23 - 1.14)		2	0.90		0.98	(0.67 - 1.42)
	3	0.11		0.51	(0.23 - 1.15)		3	0.90		0.98	(0.67 - 1.42)
	^† FM	0.12		0.52	(0.23 - 1.18)		^† FM	0.87		1.03	(0.70 - 1.51)
(I) Death due to General Renal Causes
Incidence Rates per 1000 Person-Years
			Male	1.29	(0.64 - 2.31)
			Female	1.59	(0.76 - 2.93)
Raw Incidence
			Male	10
			Female	11
Sequential Cox Regression Analysis
	Model	p-value		aHR	95% CI
	1	0.53		0.76	(0.32 - 1.79)
	2	0.56		0.77	(0.33 - 1.84)
	3	0.53		0.76	(0.32 - 1.81)
	^† FM	0.55		0.76	(0.31 - 1.86)

Mismatch Subanalysis: Female (Sex Mismatch) vs Male Donor in Male Recipients
(A) Death due to Graft Rejection						(B) Death due to General Respiratory Causes
Incidence Rates per 1000 Person-Years						Incidence Rates per 1000 Person-Years
			Male	0.63	(0.17 - 1.62)				Male	1.27	(0.55 - 2.50)
			Female	2.09	(0.90 - 4.12)				Female	3.14	(1.62 - 5.48)
Raw Incidence						Raw Incidence
			Male	8					Male	12
			Female	4					Female	8
Sequential Cox Regression Analysis						Sequential Cox Regression Analysis
	Model	p-value		aHR	95% CI		Model	p-value		aHR	95% CI
	1	0.05		0.30	(0.09 - 1.00)		1	0.05		0.41	(0.17 - 1.00)
	2	0.04	^*	0.28	(0.08 - 0.96)		2	0.07		0.43	(0.18 - 1.07)
	3	0.03	^*	0.26	(0.07 - 0.90)		3	0.06		0.42	(0.17 - 1.03)
	^† FM	0.02	^*	0.17	(0.04 - 0.72)		^† FM	0.04	^*	0.38	(0.15 - 0.96)
(C) Death due to Graft Infections						(D) Death due to Recurrent Liver Disease
Incidence Rates per 1000 Person-Years						Incidence Rates per 1000 Person-Years
			Male	0.00	(0.00 - 0.59)				Male	1.11	(0.45 - 2.29)
			Female	0.52	(0.06 - 1.89)				Female	1.57	(0.58 - 3.41)
Raw Incidence						Raw Incidence
			Male	2					Male	6
			Female	0					Female	7
Sequential Cox Regression Analysis						Sequential Cox Regression Analysis
	Model	p-value		aHR	95% CI		Model	p-value		aHR	95% CI
	1	1.00		0.00	(0.00 - Inf)		1	0.57		0.73	(0.24 - 2.17)
	2	1.00		0.00	(0.00 - Inf)		2	0.54		0.71	(0.24 - 2.12)
	3	1.00		0.00	(0.00 - Inf)		3	0.55		0.72	(0.24 - 2.17)
	^† FM	1.00		0.00	(0.00 - Inf)		^† FM	0.42		0.62	(0.20 - 1.98)
(E) Death due to General Cardiac Causes						(F) Death due to Graft Vascular Complications
Incidence Rates per 1000 Person-Years						Incidence Rates per 1000 Person-Years
			Male	3.02	(1.82 - 4.70)				Male	0.32	(0.04 - 1.15)
			Female	3.40	(1.81 - 5.81)				Female	0.79	(0.16 - 2.29)
Raw Incidence						Raw Incidence
			Male	13					Male	3
			Female	19					Female	2
Sequential Cox Regression Analysis						Sequential Cox Regression Analysis
	Model	p-value		aHR	95% CI		Model	p-value		aHR	95% CI
	1	0.75		0.89	(0.44 - 1.80)		1	0.31		0.39	(0.06 - 2.36)
	2	0.76		0.90	(0.44 - 1.82)		2	0.38		0.45	(0.07 - 2.73)
	3	0.67		0.86	(0.42 - 1.74)		3	0.32		0.40	(0.06 - 2.49)
	^† FM	0.65		0.84	(0.40 - 1.76)		^† FM	0.35		0.39	(0.06 - 2.75)
(G) Death due to Graft Biliary Complications						(H) Death due to General Infectious Causes
Incidence Rates per 1000 Person-Years						Incidence Rates per 1000 Person-Years
			Male	0.16	(0.00 - 0.88)				Male	6.66	(4.81 - 9.00)
			Female	0.79	(0.16 - 2.29)				Female	8.38	(5.74 - 11.80)
Raw Incidence						Raw Incidence
			Male	3					Male	32
			Female	1					Female	42
Sequential Cox Regression Analysis						Sequential Cox Regression Analysis
	Model	p-value		aHR	95% CI		Model	p-value		aHR	95% CI
	1	0.16		0.20	(0.02 - 1.93)		1	0.37		0.81	(0.51 - 1.29)
	2	0.16		0.19	(0.02 - 1.89)		2	0.37		0.81	(0.51 - 1.29)
	3	0.10		0.14	(0.01 - 1.44)		3	0.34		0.80	(0.50 - 1.27)
	^† FM	0.30		0.25	(0.02 - 3.45)		^† FM	0.47		0.84	(0.52 - 1.35)
(I) Death due to General Renal Causes
Incidence Rates per 1000 Person-Years
			Male	1.59	(0.76 - 2.92)
			Female	1.83	(0.74 - 3.77)
Raw Incidence
			Male	7
			Female	10
Sequential Cox Regression Analysis
	Model	p-value		aHR	95% CI
	1	0.77		0.86	(0.33 - 2.27)
	2	0.99		1.01	(0.38 - 2.69)
	3	0.86		0.91	(0.34 - 2.50)
	^† FM	0.84		0.90	(0.32 - 2.53)
Mismatch Subanalysis: Male (Sex Mismatch) vs Female Donor in Female Recipients
(A) Death due to General Cardiac Causes						(B) Death due to Graft Biliary Complications
Incidence Rates per 1000 Person-Years						Incidence Rates per 1000 Person-Years
			Male	2.25	(0.73 - 5.24)				Male	0.00	(0.00 - 1.66)
			Female	3.66	(1.67 - 6.93)				Female	0.81	(0.10 - 2.93)
Raw Incidence						Raw Incidence
			Male	9					Male	2
			Female	5					Female	0
Sequential Cox Regression Analysis						Sequential Cox Regression Analysis
	Model	p-value		aHR	95% CI		Model	p-value		aHR	95% CI
	1	0.32		0.57	(0.19 - 1.73)		1	1.00		0.00	(0.00 - Inf)
	2	0.29		0.55	(0.18 - 1.67)		2	1.00		0.00	(0.00 - Inf)
	3	0.27		0.53	(0.18 - 1.61)		3	1.00		0.00	(0.00 - Inf)
	^† FM	0.16		0.44	(0.14 - 1.40)		^† FM	0.99		0.00	(0.00 - Inf)
(C) Death due to Recurrent Liver Disease						(D) Death due to Graft Rejection
Incidence Rates per 1000 Person-Years						Incidence Rates per 1000 Person-Years
			Male	0.90	(0.11 - 3.25)				Male	1.35	(0.28 - 3.94)
			Female	1.22	(0.25 - 3.56)				Female	0.81	(0.10 - 2.93)
Raw Incidence						Raw Incidence
			Male	3					Male	2
			Female	2					Female	3
Sequential Cox Regression Analysis						Sequential Cox Regression Analysis
	Model	p-value		aHR	95% CI		Model	p-value		aHR	95% CI
	1	0.68		0.68	(0.11 - 4.20)		1	0.77		1.30	(0.21 - 7.97)
	2	0.69		0.70	(0.11 - 4.25)		2	0.54		1.83	(0.26 - 12.64)
	3	0.79		1.30	(0.19 - 9.10)		3	0.61		1.70	(0.22 - 13.02)
	^† FM	0.32		2.99	(0.34 - 26.12)		^† FM	0.69		1.47	(0.22 - 9.90)
(E) Death due to Graft Vascular Complications						(F) Death due to General Respiratory Causes
Incidence Rates per 1000 Person-Years						Incidence Rates per 1000 Person-Years
			Male	0.00	(0.00 - 1.66)				Male	0.90	(0.11 - 3.25)
			Female	0.41	(0.01 - 2.26)				Female	1.22	(0.25 - 3.56)
Raw Incidence						Raw Incidence
			Male	1					Male	3
			Female	0					Female	2
Sequential Cox Regression Analysis						Sequential Cox Regression Analysis
	Model	p-value		aHR	95% CI		Model	p-value		aHR	95% CI
	1	1.00		0.00	(0.00 - Inf)		1	0.79		0.78	(0.13 - 4.75)
	2	1.00		0.00	(0.00 - Inf)		2	0.77		0.77	(0.13 - 4.65)
	3	1.00		0.00	(0.00 - Inf)		3	0.83		0.81	(0.13 - 5.25)
	^† FM	1.00		0.00	(0.00 - Inf)		^† FM	0.94		0.93	(0.13 - 6.85)
(G) Death due to General Infectious Causes						(H) Death due to Sepsis
Incidence Rates per 1000 Person-Years						Incidence Rates per 1000 Person-Years
			Male	9.90	(6.22 - 14.96)				Male	7.65	(4.46 - 12.22)
			Female	6.91	(4.03 - 11.04)				Female	4.47	(2.23 - 7.98)
Raw Incidence						Raw Incidence
			Male	17					Male	11
			Female	22					Female	17
Sequential Cox Regression Analysis						Sequential Cox Regression Analysis
	Model	p-value		aHR	95% CI		Model	p-value		aHR	95% CI
	1	0.34		1.37	(0.72 - 2.59)		1	0.23		1.60	(0.75 - 3.45)
	2	0.31		1.39	(0.73 - 2.64)		2	0.19		1.68	(0.77 - 3.64)
	3	0.36		1.35	(0.71 - 2.57)		3	0.21		1.64	(0.75 - 3.58)
	^† FM	0.29		1.43	(0.74 - 2.77)		^† FM	0.16		1.76	(0.79 - 3.92)
(I) Death due to General Renal Causes
Incidence Rates per 1000 Person-Years
			Male	0.45	(0.01 - 2.51)
			Female	1.22	(0.25 - 3.56)
Raw Incidence
			Male	3
			Female	1
Sequential Cox Regression Analysis
	Model	p-value		aHR	95% CI
	1	0.30		0.29	(0.03 - 2.92)
	2	0.29		0.28	(0.03 - 3.02)
	3	0.24		0.20	(0.01 - 2.88)
	^† FM	0.61		0.55	(0.06 - 5.35)

p < 0.05

^**

p < 0.01

^***

p < 0.001

^†

FM indicates Final Model

Model 1 includes VOI (variable of interest) and demographics; Model 2 includes Model 1 terms with the addition of comorbidities, and liver disease etiologies; Model 3 includes Model 2 terms with the addition of hepatic variables, MELD score, and liver laboratory markers; Model 4 includes Model 3 terms with the addition of donor demographics