Table 2.

Community- and individual-level barriers to accessing HIV prevention services identified across interviews with PWID and community partners in West Virginia, June 2021

Community-level barriers
Political factors	Low community support for SSPs
Physical factors	Low SSP coverage Low coverage of HIV testing outreach events Low HIV PrEP availability Homelessness
Social factors	Injection drug use stigma and discrimination
Economic factors	Community beliefs that SSPs negatively affect economic investments (community partners only) Limited resources for HIV screening in clinical settings
Individual-level barriers
Co-infections and co-occurring conditions	Co-occurrence of hepatitis C infection, other injection-related skin or blood infections, and mental illness

Abbreviations: PWID = Persons who inject drugs; SSP = Syringe services programs; PrEP = preexposure prophylaxis