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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Headache. 2024 Jan 18;64(2):156–171. doi: 10.1111/head.14664

Table 2.

Study participant characteristics (n=71)

Characteristic Study 1 (n=40) Study 2 (n=31) Total (n=71)

Age
 18–24 5 (12%) 1 (3%) 6 (8%)
 25–34 5 (12%) 4 (13%) 9 (13%)
 35–44 12 (30%) 7 (23%) 19 (27%)
 45–54 9 (23%) 6 (19%) 15 (21%)
 55–64 4 (10%) 11 (35%) 15 (21%)
 65–75 5 (13%) 2 (6%) 7 (10%)
Sex/Gender
 Female Woman 31 (77%) 22 (71%) 53 (75%)
 Male Man 7 (18%) 9 (29%) 16 (23%)
 Genderqueer/Nonbinary/Transgender 2 (5%) 0 2 (1%)
Race*
 American Indian/Alaskan Native 4 (10%) 3 (10%) 7 (10%)
 Asian 3 (7%) 1 (3%) 4 (6%)
 Black or African American 9 (23%) 6 (19%) 15 (21%)
 Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander 1 (2%) - 1 (1%)
 White 27 (67%) 18 (58%) 45 (63%)
 Other 1 (2%) 4 (13%) 5 (7%)
 Prefer not to answer 1 (2%) 0 1 (1%)
Ethnicity
 Hispanic 9 (23%) 6 (19%) 15 (21%)
Migraine Type
 Episodic 20 (50%) 18 (58%) 38 (53%)
 Chronic 20 (50%) 13 (42%) 33 (47%)
Education
 Completed high school 3 (8%) 1 (3%) 4 (6%)
 Some college/technical school 18 (45%) 6 (19%) 24 (34%)
 Completed college 11 (27%) 12 (39%) 23 (32%)
 More than college 8 (20%) 12 (39%) 20 (28%)
Employment*
 Paid employment 22 (55%) 20 (64%) 42 (59%)
 Student 8 (20%) 2 (6%) 10 (14%)
 Homemaker 3 (8%) 2 (6%) 5 (7%)
 Retired 6 (15%) 3 (10%) 9 (13%)
 Unemployed 2 (5%) 1 (3%) 3 (4%)
 Disabled (or on disability or leave of absence) 10 (25%) 10 (32%) 20 (28%)
 Other 1 (2%) - 1 (1%)
Used any OTC or Prescription Acute Treatments in Prior Year
 Yes 40 (100%) 30 (97%) 70 (98%)
 No - 1 (3%) 1 (1.5%)
Used any OTC or Preventive Treatments in Prior Year
 Yes 35 (87%) 28 (90%) 63 (89%)
 No 5 (8%) 3 (10%) 8 (11%)
Use Opioids/Barbiturates
 Yes 3 (7%) 5 (16%) 8 (11%)
 No 37 (9%) 26 (84%) 63 (89%)
*

Participants were able to select more than one race or employment status.

OTC = over the counter