. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Feb 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Subst Use Addict Treat. 2023 Nov 18;157:209219. doi: 10.1016/j.josat.2023.209219

Table 2.

Multilevel modeling results for neuroticism, extraversion and openness (NEO)

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Abbreviations:

Hyp = Hypothesis number (3 and 4 were nondirectional); Exp. = Expected; Obs = Observed; + = Positive relationship between predictor and outcome; − = Negative relationship between predictor and outcome; × = Interaction; *** = p < .001; ** = p < .01; * = p < .05; (*) = p < .1