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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Mar 8.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Surg Oncol. 2023 Dec 7;31(3):1509–1518. doi: 10.1245/s10434-023-14712-9

Table 3.

TNM staging for gastrointestinal NET per AJCC 8th edition 21.

T Primary Tumor N Regional lymph nodes
TX Primary tumor cannot be assessed Nx Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed
T0 No evidence of primary tumor N0 No regional lymph node metastasis
T1 Invades the lamina propria or submucosa and less than or equal to 1 cm in size N1 Regional lymph node metastasis
T2 Invades the muscularis propria or greater than 1 cm in size M Distant metastasis
T3 Invades through the muscularis propria into subserosal tissue without penetration of overlying serosa M0 No distant metastasis
T4 Invades visceral peritoneum (serosa) or other organs or adjacent structures M1 M1a: Metastasis confined to liver
M1b: Metastases in at least one extrahepatic site
M1c: Both hepatic and extrahepatic metastases