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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Matrix Biol. 2023 Dec 21;125:88–99. doi: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.12.005

Table 2. Effects of TBI on heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate disaccharide sulfation percentages.

Comparisons were made between sulfation percentages of ipsilateral and contralateral tissue post-TBI. Bold font denotes p < 0.05 via unadjusted two-tailed t-tests. n = 6–7 animals per group.

Heparan Sulfate Subtype Mean % (SEM)
TriS NS6S NS2S NS 2S6S 6S 2S 0S
Day 1 Superficial Ipsilateral 2.74 (2.50) 2.71 (1.76) 2.79 (1.44) 4.35 (0.90) 0.00 (0.00) 3.47 (1.64) 0.43 (0.41) 83.41 (7.06)
Contralateral 0.76 (0.54) 4.05 (2.20) 4.03 (1.26) 7.86 (0.75) 0.00 (0.00) 5.29 (1.54) 0.06 (0.03) 77.81 (4.92)
Deep Ipsilateral 8.66 (5.49) 2.65 (1.54) 3.53 (1.61) 5.62 (0.97) 0.00 (0.00) 3.29 (1.24) 0.23 (0.18) 75.83 (9.56)
Contralateral 0.70 (0.42) 4.02 (2.04) 4.27 (0.95) 9.98 (1.23) 0.01 (0.00) 5.41 (1.11) 0.52 (0.36) 74.98 (3.57)
Day 7 Superficial Ipsilateral 7.55 (7.21) 3.78 (1.87) 4.88 (0.82) 7.48 (1.15) 0.03 (0.01) 5.99 (0.92) 0.28 (0.09) 69.86 (8.23)
Contralateral 14.76 (5.45) 4.21 (1.66) 4.75 (1.18) 5.83 (0.77) 0.02 (0.01) 5.29 (0.76) 0.12 (0.05) 67.18 (8.67)
Deep Ipsilateral 4.15 (3.73) 3.31 (1.48) 3.27 (1.20) 4.96 (1.00) 0.01 (0.00) 4.25 (1.55) 0.57 (0.32) 79.35 (7.48)
Contralateral 5.22 (3.84) 5.10 (2.08) 5.31 (1.14) 7.68 (0.92) 0.02 (0.00) 6.43 (1.01) 0.18 (0.09) 69.85 (5.97)
Chondroitin Sulfate Subtype Mean % (SEM)
TriS 2S4S 2S6S 4S6S 4S 6S 2S 0S
Day 1 Superficial Ipsilateral 0.02 (0.01) 0.08 (0.03) 0.21 (0.06) 0.68 (0.20) 68.83 (9.04) 1.47 (0.29) 0.05 (0.03) 28.29 (9.51)
Contralateral 0.02 (0.01) 0.30 (0.06) 0.21 (0.04) 0.51 (0.11) 95.60 (0.40) 1.10 (0.29) 0.06 (0.02) 1.98 (0.34)
Deep Ipsilateral 0.04 (0.02) 0.30 (0.06) 0.45 (0.1) 0.72 (0.14) 81.19 (5.44) 3.12 (0.60) 0.13 (0.05) 14.31 (5.73)
Contralateral 0.03 (0.01) 0.28 (0.05) 0.50 (0.12) 0.64 (0.16) 93.12 (0.84) 2.67 (0.14) 0.10 (0.04) 2.97 (0.19)
Day 7 Superficial Ipsilateral 0.03 (0.01) 0.14 (0.05) 0.23 (0.08) 0.39 (0.08) 96.62 (0.64) 1.15 (0.39) 0.16 (0.05) 1.44 (0.30)
Contralateral 0.06 (0.01) 0.33 (0.08) 0.31 (0.08) 0.53 (0.02) 96.07 (0.34) 1.34 (0.33) 0.12 (0.05) 1.79 (0.30)
Deep Ipsilateral 0.02 (0.01) 0.09 (0.03) 0.18 (0.06) 0.18 (0.07) 95.54 (0.86) 1.05 (0.42) 0.09 (0.04) 3.01 (1.05)
Contralateral 0.03 (0.01) 0.29 (0.06) 0.31 (0.06) 0.40 (0.07) 95.99 (0.48) 1.77 (0.26) 0.12 (0.05) 1.43 (0.28)