Table 1.
Comparison of county characteristics by quartile of opioid and psychostimulant mortality.
| Low (Q1) Psychostimulant | Low (Q1) Psychostimulant | High (Q4) Psychostimulant | High (Q4) Psychostimulant | p-value (Kruskal-Wallis test) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low (Q1) Opioid | High (Q4) Opioid | Low (Q1) Opioid | High (Q4) Opioid | ||
| (n = 536 counties) | (n = 103 counties) | (n =67 counties) | (n = 318 counties) | ||
|
| |||||
| % below poverty [AP] | 45.4% (31.6) | 46.0% (27.8) | 58.2% (28.7) | 58.2% (24.5) | <0.001 |
| Unemployment rate (age 16+ work force) [AP] | 37.4% (34.0) | 50.8% (29.2) | 46.0% (35.6) | 59.0% (23.9) | <0.001 |
| Per capita income [AP] | 52.0% (28.9) | 48.4% (28.1) | 63.2% (27.2) | 56.7% (25.0) | <0.001 |
| % <HS diploma (age 25+) [AP] | 47.9% (32.4) | 48.8% (28.0) | 60.8% (30.8) | 55.6% (23.7) | <0.001 |
| % age 65 + [AP] | 64.0% (28.4) | 61.3% (27.6) | 56.9% (27.7) | 48.8% (25.5) | <0.001 |
| % age <18 [AP] | 50.5% (29.8) | 38.2% (29.4) | 52.2% (30.0) | 46.3% (25.7) | <0.001 |
| % with disability [AP] | 50.9% (29.0) | 53.6% (28.4) | 56.0% (28.1) | 61.3% (27.5) | <0.001 |
| % single parent households with children <18 [AP] | 38.2% (32.4) | 44.5% (30.9) | 48.7% (28.3) | 52.2% (24.7) | <0.001 |
| % minority (i.e. all except NH White) [AP] | 44.1% (32.6) | 47.0% (28.2) | 55.5% (28.8) | 42.0% (27.4) | 0.008 |
| % age 5+ who speak English “less than well” [AP] | 38.3% (32.7) | 43.7% (26.8) | 46.2% (34.8) | 44.7% (28.8) | 0.003 |
| % of housing in structures with 10+ units [AP] | 33.3% (25.7) | 39.2% (27.8) | 27.7% (23.4) | 51.5% (28.5) | <0.001 |
| % mobile homes [AP] | 52.2% (27.1) | 49.9% (31.2) | 62.6% (26.7) | 54.7% (28.4) | 0.013 |
| % of occupied housing units with more people than rooms [AP] | 41.0% (33.0) | 41.3% (28.9) | 55.1% (33.8) | 49.3% (24.6) | <0.001 |
| % households with no vehicle [AP] | 38.7% (31.1) | 50.5% (30.6) | 44.3% (32.7) | 56.4% (26.2) | <0.001 |
| % of person in group quarters [AP] | 45.8% (30.6) | 48.6% (30.7) | 58.4% (30.3) | 46.3% (26.9) | 0.011 |
| Region - New England (CT ME MA NH RI VT) | 0.0% (0.0) | 8.7% (28.4) | 0.0% (0.0) | 0.9% (9.7) | <0.001 |
| Region - Mid-Atlantic (NJ NY PA) | 1.1% (10.5) | 7.8% (26.9) | 0.0% (0.0) | 2.2% (14.7) | <0.001 |
| Region - East North Central (IL IN MI OH WI) | 7.1% (25.7) | 17.5% (38.2) | 1.5% (12.2) | 20.1% (40.2) | <0.001 |
| Region - West North Central (IA KS MN MO NE ND SD) | 45.5% (49.8) | 3.9% (19.4) | 35.8% (48.3) | 5.7% (23.1) | <0.001 |
| Region - South Atlantic (DE DC FL GA MD NC SC VA WV) | 4.7% (21.1) | 36.9% (48.5) | 9.0% (28.8) | 24.8% (43.3) | <0.001 |
| Region - East South Central (AL KY MS TN) | 9.5% (29.4) | 8.7% (28.4) | 6.0% (23.9) | 22.0% (41.5) | <0.001 |
| Region - West South Central (AR LA OK TX) | 20.5% (40.4) | 5.8% (23.5) | 26.9% (44.7) | 5.3% (22.5) | <0.001 |
| Region - Mountain (AZ CO ID MT NV NM UT WY) | 10.4% (30.6) | 9.7% (29.8) | 17.9% (38.6) | 15.4% (36.2) | 0.069 |
| Region - Pacific (AK CA HI OR WA) | 1.1% (10.5) | 1.0% (9.9) | 3.0% (17.1) | 3.5% (18.3) | 0.085894 |
| Metro (RUCC 1–3) | 10.4% (30.6) | 35.0% (47.9) | 6.0% (23.9) | 44.7% (49.8) | <0.001 |
| Non-metro (RUCC 4–9) | 89.6% (30.6) | 65.0% (47.9) | 94.0% (23.9) | 55.3% (49.8) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: Q1 (quartile 1 or lowest quartile); Q4 (quartile 4 or highest quartile); HS (high school); NH White (non-Hispanic White); RUCC (Rural Urban Continuum Codes); also postal abbreviation for US states; AP (Average percentile – note this is the average county-level percentile of each SVI measure).