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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Addict Behav. 2024 Jan 23;152:107971. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.107971

Table 3:

Exemplar quotes for patterns of co-use of tobacco and cannabis

Pattern Exemplar quotes
Same-month different-day co-use (Pattern 1) P05 [29-year-old, Asian male]: “I smoke Newport cigarettes probably mostly during the workweek. It’s probably one [cigarette] when I wake up, one when I go on my way to work, and one probably like before work. And then, after that, I use my vaporizer [e-cigarettes] throughout work, because I’m too lazy to go outside.”
P45 [18-year-old, White male]: “Some days I won’t smoke [cigarettes] at all and some days I might smoke two or three times a day. It varies on what I’m doing or if I want to or stuff like that. I’d say the biggest factor for me smoking [cigarettes] would be a social reason.”
P10 [27-year-old, Asian male]: “That one [his e-cigarette for nicotine vaping] I maybe do in between my breaks at work… If I’m off or something like on the weekends, I’ll just pull out my THC vape pen and do it [vape cannabis]. I try not to use that [cannabis vaping during weekdays] much because it gets me a little lazy sometimes.”
P02 [26-year-old, Hispanic male]: “I normally do a long run on Saturdays. The THC usually helps with whatever pains…it kind of gets you in the zone of just thinking about the run.”
P68 [21-year-old, Multiracial male]: “I’m a pretty anxious person. So, for me, weed has always been a way for a lot of things. It helps me go to sleep. It helps me keep my head straight when I’m trying to go to sleep. It’s so easy to just stop thinking about things. It also makes me really hungry and I’m a pretty skinny dude, so I like to have an excuse to eat.”
Same-day different-occasion co-use (Pattern 2) P32 [20-year-old, White female]: “My morning smoke [cigarettes] with my coffee, my smoke after meal, my smoke when I get in the car, it’s [smoking cigarettes] just all ritual…. For weed, it’s literally hit or miss. I mean, sometimes, I’ll go days without smoking any weed….But Wednesday was the day all the co-workers went out after work. We definitely smoked, like, five joints [cannabis] that night.”
P09 [25-year-old, Black male]: “I use the JUUL whenever I’m at work… When I didn’t have marijuana, it [JUUL] kind in a sense substituted the place of the weed. But it didn’t give me the same effects. It just feels nice to have something to smoke for the sake of it….After work, when I hang out with my coworkers, I use marijuana since it’s always been around. But sometimes when I don’t have that [cannabis] on me, I will use the JUUL.”
P13 [23-year-old, Multiracial male]: “I smoke [cannabis] every night. It helps me with sleeping. It helps me unwind after a long day of school and work all day. But during the day I don’t really smoke it because it just slows me down. Once I smoke, that’s usually like me checking out for the day.”
P24 [19-year-old, Hispanic male]: “It [cannabis] kind of just takes you out of your element. Like, it makes you think about things you wouldn’t particularly think about, and I think it slows you down mentally, not physically. It’s like you kind of just stop thinking about responsibilities and stuff. That’s why I would only do it at the end of the day or when I know I have nothing going on. Because when I’m high, it’s hard to be productive.”
P25 [26-year-old, Multiracial male]: “It depends [when to use CBD or THC]. There’s like daytime and there’s play time. Day time is more like CBD if I use it [cannabis] at all. But I’ll go higher THC if I’m like just for fun, hang out with people or chilling at night.”
Same-occasion sequential co-use (Pattern 3) P38 [18-year-old, Multiracial female]: “Most of the time when I’m smoking marijuana, I would just smoke a cigarette directly after. Then I just started, for some reason, picking up the habit of like - I was already smoking a cigarette and I decided to roll a joint. So, I’d gotten into the habit of liking both [sequential orders].”
P68 [21-year-old, Multiracial male]: “Normally I’ll start with the weed vape, and then just see where I get. If I don’t want to hit that [cannabis] anymore and I still want to smoke, I’ll just hit my JUUL.”
P35 [25-year-old, Hispanic male]: “I feel like once I’ve had [smoked weed], a little bit that I do kind of want to have a cigarette at the end when I’ve smoked some weed.” 
P33 [24-year-old, Asian male]: “Sometimes I like to do both [cannabis vaping and tobacco vaping]. So, if I get high, I think it’s nicer to have some nicotine. Usually when you’re high and you’re chilling, it’s easier to sort of just hit nicotine.”
P43 [28-year-old, Hispanic male]: “It was more like a cross high. Like you have the kind of that head change and then you also combine that with a body high of the weed…So, it’s just like a different kind of high.”
P13 [23-year-old, Multiracial male]: “Marijuana is like an everyday thing in my life. So, marijuana actually triggers me to smoke cigarettes. If I smoke a little load of hash, immediately afterwards, I’ll finish it off with a cigarette. To me it’s not complete without it…It’s like a trigger. It’s like the little cream of the crop, cherry on top, finish smoking a joint and then smoke that [cigarettes].”
Same-occasion simultaneous co-use (Pattern 4) P27 [24-year-old, White male]: “We’ll smoke a spliff, like cigarette and weed together. That’s almost a nightly sort of tradition that we just hang out and do that. So, yeah, that’s part of the regular day.”
P68 [21-year-old, Multiracial male]: “If you’re an experienced spliff person, you buy like American Spirits or something similar like the pouch tobacco, that’s made for rolling your own cigarettes. If you’re someone like me who smokes an occasional spliff, I use like a pack of cigarettes, and I just unroll a cigarette.”
P38 [18-year-old, Multiracial female]: “I will smoke marijuana and smoke tobacco at the same time, like a joint and a cigarette in each hand. There may be something subconsciously that I’m not aware of, or maybe it’s just like the taste of both of them together.”
P57 [19-year-old, Hispanic male]: “Last year, I had one of those box mod vapes that a friend gave me. And I would pour nicotine salt mixed in with CBD. I would just vape that a lot. It was good, but it was just really harsh… And I realized, when I mixed it [nicotine e-juice] with my watermelon CBD juice, it tasted like a Sour Patch.”
P66 [22-year-old, Hispanic female]: “Well, weed is like when you had a - it’s kind of mellow. Like you just feel fine. And cigarettes, when you smoke a cigarette, you kind of get that rush, that nicotine rush. So, when you mix them together, like in a bong, it hits you really hard, which is a weird feeling you start to crave when you do them a lot.”
P21 [19-year-old, Asian male]: “If you put [tobacco and cannabis] in a glass water pipe, which a lot of college students nowadays do, they call it moking or chopping…like the different ways to pack it and stuff. I used to do it because the doming effect is very intense. It’s a very intense doming effect. It hurts your lungs a bit but then like a big rush to the head… I used to like it like when I was a freshman, but not so much anymore because I felt it like affecting my health way too much.”