Table 3.
Median, IQR and Mann Whitney U Tests on EASE Sub-Skills by Multiple Comparison Methods (color)
| EASE Domain | EASE Sub-Skill | Novices and JR (N=16) Median (IQR) | SR and Attendings (N=10) Median (IQR) | p-value | CG Fail (N=16) Median (IQR) | CG Pass (N=10) Median (IQR) | p-value | Expert Fail (N=19) Median (IQR) | Expert Pass (N=7) Median (IQR) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-Planning | Field Optimization | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Needle Handling | Needle Repositions | 2.8 (2.6–2.9) | 2.8 (2.8–2.9) | 0.544 | 2.4 (1.9–2.6) | 2.4 (2.1–2.6) | 0.579 | 2.3 (2.1–2.6) | 2.6 (1.9–2.9) | 0.247 |
| Hold Ratio | 2.4 (1.8–2.8) | 2.8 (2.6–2.9) | 0.020 | 2.4 (1.8–2.6) | 2.8 (2.8–3.0) | <0.001 | 2.4 (2.0–2.8) | 2.8 (2.8–2.9) | 0.025 | |
| Hold Angle | 2.5 (2.2–2.7) | 2.8 (2.8–3.0) | 0.006 | 2.5 (2.2–2.7) | 2.9 (2.8–3.0) | 0.001 | 2.6 (2.3–2.8) | 2.8 (2.8–3.0) | 0.034 | |
| Depth of Needle Hold | 2.8 (2.6–2.9) | 2.8 (2.8–2.9) | 0.672 | 2.8 (2.6–2.9) | 2.9 (2.8–2.9) | 0.302 | 2.8 (2.7–2.9) | 2.8 (2.8–2.9) | 0.749 | |
| Needle Entry | Entry Angle | 3.0 (2.8–3.0) | 3.0 (3.0–3.0) | 0.056 | 3.0 (2.8–3.0) | 3.0 (3.0–3.0) | 0.056 | 3.0 (2.9–3.0) | 3.0 (3.0–3.0) | 0.142 |
| Needle Driving | Driving Smoothness | 2.6 (2.5–2.8) | 3.0 (2.9–3.0) | 0.002 | 2.6 (2.5–2.8) | 3.0 (2.9–3.0) | 0.017 | 2.6 (2.5–2.9) | 3.0 (2.9–3.0) | 0.008 |
| Driving Wrist Rotation | 2.7 (2.3–2.8) | 3.0 (2.9–3.0) | 0.003 | 2.7 (2.3–2.9) | 2.9 (2.8–3.0) | 0.027 | 2.7 (2.4–2.9) | 2.9 (2.9–3.0) | 0.013 | |
| Depth of Suture | 3.0 (2.8–3.0) | 3.0 (2.9–3.0) | 0.349 | 3.0 (2.8–3.0) | 3.0 (3.0–3.0) | 0.103 | 3.0 (2.9–3.0) | 3.0 (3.0–3.0) | 0.119 | |
| Needle Withdrawal | Withdrawal Wrist Rotation | 2.5 (2.2–2.7) | 2.9 (2.7–2.9) | 0.003 | 2.4 (2.2–2.7) | 2.8 (2.8–2.9) | 0.001 | 2.6 (2.2–2.7) | 2.8 (2.8–2.9) | 0.019 |
| Suture Placeme nt and Manage ment | Suture Spacing | 3.0 (3.0–3.0) | 3.0 (3.0–3.0) | 0.154 | 3.0 (3.0–3.0) | 3.0 (3.0–3.0) | 0.154 | 3.0 (3.0–3.0) | 3.0 (3.0–3.0) | 0.274 |
| Suture Awareness | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 3.0 (2.0–3.0) | 0.034 | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 3.0 (3.0–3.0) | 0.002 | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 3.0 (2.0–3.0) | 0.044 | |
| Cinching | 2.0 (2.0–3.0) | 3.0 (2.0–3.0) | 0.088 | 2.0 (2.0–3.0) | 3.0 (3.0–3.0) | 0.016 | 2.0 (2.0–3.0) | 3.0 (2.0–3.0) | 0.165 | |
| Tissue Approximation | 3.0 (3.0–3.0) | 3.0 (3.0–3.0) | 0.812 | 3.0 (3.0–3.0) | 3.0 (3.0–3.0) | 0.154 | 3.0 (3.0–3.0) | 3.0 (3.0–3.0) | 0.274 | |
| Knot Tying | Tie Length | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Prep | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | |
| Knot Tension | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | |
| Secure/Air Knot | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | |
| Total Score | -- | 32.7 (30.9–34.6) | 37.2 (35.5–37.9) | <0.001 | 32.7 (30.9–33.9) | 37.2 (36.3–37.9) | <0.001 | 33.5 (31.2–35.0) | 37.9 (36.3–38.3) | 0.002 |
| Legend: | Significant difference between groups | |||||||||