Table 4. Marital status, children, parents who work in the medical field, undergraduate GPA and financing of studies by professional and academic pre- qualifications.
| vocational training | p | academic degree | p | voluntary service | p | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| yes | no | yes | no | yes | no | |||||
| Marital status and children: | ||||||||||
| marital status | < .001 | .004 | .278 | |||||||
| living in a partnership | n(%) | 403(60) | 728(44) | 84(60) | 1042(47) | 271(50) | 854(48) | |||
| not living in a partnership | n(%) | 265(40) | 944(56) | 56(40) | 1155(53) | 269(50) | 943(52) | |||
| own children (living in own household) | < .001 | .813 | .721 | |||||||
| yes | n(%) | 66(10) | 24(1) | 6(4) | 83(4) | 22(4) | 67(4) | |||
| no | n(%) | 609(90) | 1662(99) | 139(96) | 2130(96) | 524(96) | 1745(96) | |||
| Parental education: | ||||||||||
| at least one parent with a degree in medicine or dentistry | < .01 | .979 | .024 | |||||||
| yes | n(%) | 124(18) | 420(25) | 33(23) | 506(23) | 106(19) | 436(24) | |||
| no | n(%) | 552(82) | 1266(75) | 112(77) | 1708(77) | 440(81) | 1377(76) | |||
| at least one parent with a university degree in another subject | < .001 | .463 | .413 | |||||||
| yes | n(%) | 329(49) | 1010(60) | 78(54) | 1260(57) | 318(58) | 1020(56) | |||
| no | n(%) | 347(51) | 676(40) | 67(46) | 954(43) | 228(42) | 793(44) | |||
| no parent with tertiary education | < .001 | .443 | .395 | |||||||
| yes | n(%) | 258(38) | 374(22) | 43(30) | 592(27) | 154(28) | 478(26) | |||
| no | n(%) | 418(62) | 1312(78) | 102(70) | 1622(73) | 392(72) | 1335(74) | |||
| parents who work in the medical field | < .01 | .396 | .998 | |||||||
| one parent | n(%) | 169(25) | 322(19) | 36(25) | 453(20) | 113(21) | 376(21) | |||
| both parents | n(%) | 74(11) | 239(14) | 16(11) | 294(13) | 72(13) | 240(13) | |||
| no parent | n(%) | 430(64) | 1125(67) | 93(64) | 1464(66) | 361(66) | 1194(66) | |||
| GPA: | ||||||||||
| undergraduate GPA1 | M(SD) | 1.96(0.56) | 1.29(0.36) | < .001 | 1.62(0.52) | 1.47(0.52) | < .001 | 1.64(0.54) | 1.43(0.51) | < .001 |
| range | [1.00,3.50] | [0.70,3.70] | [0.90,3.10] | [0.70,3.70] | [1.00,3.50] | [0.70,3. 70] | ||||
| graduation (undergraduate GPA) | < .001 | .117 | < .001 | |||||||
| in Germany | n(%) | 660(98) | 1525(91) | 128(90) | 2052(94) | 540(99) | 1641(91) | |||
| other country | n(%) | 13(2) | 142(9) | 14(10) | 142(6) | 3(1) | 153(9) | |||
| Financing studies by: | ||||||||||
| parents/relatives | ||||||||||
| yes | n(%) | 448(66) | 1544(92) | < .001 | 112(77) | 1876(85) | .016 | 445(82) | 1543(85) | .042 |
| no | n(%) | 228(34) | 142(8) | 33(23) | 338(15) | 101(18) | 270(15) | |||
| partner/spouse | ||||||||||
| yes | n(%) | 81(12) | 41(2) | < .001 | 12(8) | 110(5) | .081 | 37(7) | 84(5) | .047 |
| no | n(%) | 595(88) | 1645(98) | 133(92) | 2104(95) | 509(93) | 1729(95) | |||
| BaföG2 | ||||||||||
| yes | n(%) | 127(19) | 136(8) | < .001 | 4(3) | 258(12) | < .001 | 72(13) | 190(10) | .078 |
| no | n(%) | 549(81) | 1550(92) | 141(97) | 1956(88) | 474(87) | 1623(90) | |||
| own earnings | ||||||||||
| yes | n(%) | 521(77) | 963(57) | < .001 | 102(70) | 1381(62) | .054 | 392(72) | 1090(60) | < .001 |
| no | n(%) | 155(23) | 723(43) | 43(30) | 833(38) | 154(28) | 723(40) | |||
| loan (e.g. student loan) | ||||||||||
| yes | n(%) | 39(6) | 45(3) | < .01 | 10(7) | 74(3) | .025 | 21(4) | 63(3) | .682 |
| no | n(%) | 637(94) | 1641(97) | 135(93) | 2140(97) | 525(96) | 1750(97) | |||
| scholarship | ||||||||||
| yes | n(%) | 86(13) | 371(22) | < .001 | 18(12) | 437(20) | .030 | 83(15) | 373(21) | < .01 |
| no | n(%) | 590(87) | 1315(78) | 127(88) | 1777(80) | 463(85) | 1440(79) | |||
| savings | ||||||||||
| yes | n(%) | 307(45) | 394(23) | < .001 | 51(35) | 647(29) | .128 | 215(39) | 485(27) | < .001 |
| no | n(%) | 369(55) | 1292(77) | 94(65) | 1567(71) | 331(61) | 1328(73) | |||
| other | ||||||||||
| yes | n(%) | 22(3) | 50(3) | .993 | 13(9) | 59(3) | na3 | 14(3) | 57(3) | .487 |
| no | n(%) | 654(97) | 1636(97) | 132(91) | 2155(97) | 532(97) | 1756(97) | |||
Note. Percentages rounded to the nearest whole number.
1undergraduate grade point average = “Abitur” in Germany, low numbers stand for better grades.
2”Bundesausbildungsförderungsgesetz” is a common German student loan, funded by the state.
3na = no χ2-test could be calculated due to expected cell frequencies <5.