Table 3.
Predictors of horizontal and vertical math course repetition: regression results
| Variables | Course Repetition Outcome | |
|---|---|---|
|
|
||
| Horizontal | Vertical | |
|
| ||
| Race (Reference = White) | ||
| Asian | 0.018 | 0.005 |
| (0.022) | (0.015) | |
| Black | 0.059** | 0.006 |
| (0.019) | (0.014) | |
| Hispanic | 0.023* | 0.013 |
| (0.011) | (0.008) | |
| Two or More | 0.058** | −0.022 |
| (0.021) | (0.014) | |
| Other | 0.076 | 0.033 |
| (0.083) | (0.060) | |
| Female | 0.041*** | −0.017** |
| (0.009) | (0.006) | |
| Age | −0.004** | −0.002* |
| (0.001) | (0.001) | |
| Pell Grant Recipient | −0.007 | −0.004 |
| (0.010) | (0.007) | |
| Financial Aid Applicant | −0.011 | −0.015 |
| (0.012) | (0.008) | |
| Initial Major (Reference = Humanities and Liberal Arts) | ||
| Industrial, Manufacturing, and Construction | 0.041 | −0.031 |
| (0.030) | (0.022) | |
| Natural Sciences | 0.051* | 0.004 |
| (0.020) | (0.014) | |
| Business | −0.005 | 0.005 |
| (0.015) | (0.011) | |
| Social and Behavioral Sciences | −0.027 | −0.025 |
| (0.022) | (0.016) | |
| Communication Sciences | −0.027 | −0.029 |
| (0.037) | (0.027) | |
| Literature, Linguistics, and Fine Arts | −0.058* | −0.046** |
| (0.023) | (0.017) | |
| Math and Computer Sciences | −0.082** | 0.090*** |
| (0.026) | (0.016) | |
| Education, Social Services, and Policy | −0.100*** | −0.013 |
| (0.016) | (0.012) | |
| Engineering and Related Fields | −0.117*** | 0.112*** |
| (0.028) | (0.017) | |
| Service Oriented | 0.066* | 0.013 |
| (0.029) | (0.021) | |
| Health | 0.073*** | 0.026* |
| (0.017) | (0.013) | |
| Other | −0.026 | −0.005 |
| (0.025) | (0.017) | |
| Enrollment Intensity (Reference = Full time) | ||
| Part time | −0.041** | −0.008 |
| (0.015) | (0.011) | |
| Mixed Enrollment | 0.010 | −0.001 |
| (0.010) | (0.007) | |
| Earned a Dev-Ed Math Credit | −0.003 | −0.013 |
| (0.011) | (0.008) | |
| Earned Dual Credit | −0.026** | −0.006 |
| (0.010) | (0.007) | |
| First Math Course Grade (Reference = D) | ||
| B or Higher | 0.013 | −0.455*** |
| (0.017) | (0.012) | |
| C | −0.019 | −0.426*** |
| (0.018) | (0.013) | |
| Cohort (Reference = Fall 2012) | −0.027** | 0.001 |
| (0.008) | (0.006) | |
| Constant | 0.191 | 0.582*** |
| (0.158) | (0.101) | |
| Observations | 12,254 | 13,908 |
| R-squared | 0.112 | 0.151 |
The table presents coefficients with standard errors in parentheses from ordinary least squares regression models performed on a pooled sample of community college students who entered college in Fall 2011 or Fall 2012, where each column represents a separate regression. Both models include students who transferred to a four-year institution within first 3 years of initial enrollment and capture course repetition over 7 years; the analysis in column 1 includes introductory math completers as the analytic sample, and the analysis in column 2 includes students who previously completed any college-level math course. All models include community college and university fixed effects
p < 0.001
p < 0.01
p < 0.05