Table 2.
Concrete statistics by location and use (Miller et al. 2016; ERMCO 2017, 2020; GCCA 2021; Sick et al. 2022; Statistica 2022; Vázquez-Calle et al. 2022; Wang et al. 2021)
| Region | Concrete [106 m3] | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Ready mix | Precast | ||||||
| 2 020a | 2 016 | 2 020 | 2 019 | 2 018 | 2 017 | 2 016 | Various | |
| Africa | 628.7 | 451.7 | ||||||
| Nigeria | 63.9 | |||||||
| America | ||||||||
| Brazil | 246.9 | 177.4 | 115.0 | |||||
| Colombia | 5.3 | |||||||
| Canada | 39.4 | 28.3 | ||||||
| United States | 353.4 | 253.9 | 286.0 | 280.0 | 274.0 | 270.0 | 265.0 | 25.2 |
| Rest of America | 367.6 | 264.1 | ||||||
| Europe | 849.6 | 610.4 | ||||||
| Turkey | 95.0 | 67.0 | 100.0 | 115.0 | 109.0 | |||
| Germany | 55.3 | 53.5 | 52.8 | 51.7 | 49.5 | |||
| France | 37.0 | 40.4 | 40.1 | 38.8 | 36.3 | 12.2b | ||
| Italy | 28.7 | 28.4 | 27.3 | 27.3 | 23.3 | |||
| Poland | 25.7 | 26.2 | 25.1 | 20.4 | 20.4 | |||
| United Kingdom | 24.9 | 24.9 | 22.5 | 22.9 | 24.6 | |||
| Spain | 22.8 | 24.8 | 22.2 | 16.3 | 16.3 | |||
| Belgium | 12.4 | 13.0 | 12.8 | 12.7 | 12.5 | |||
| Austria | 11.5 | 11.9 | 11.8 | 11.0 | 10.8 | |||
| Switzerland | 11.4 | 11.1 | 10.9 | 11.5 | 11.5 | |||
| Netherlands | 7.4 | 7.8 | 7.5 | 6.9 | 6.5 | |||
| Portugal | 5.9 | 5.1 | 4.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.4c | ||
| Denmark | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.5 | ||||
| Sweden | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | ||||
| Ireland | 4.3 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 2.4 | ||||
| Slovakia | 2.8 | 3.0 | 2.4 | 1.9 | ||||
| Norway | 3.8 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.0 | ||||
| Czechia | 7.1 | 7.1 | 6.8 | 6.8 | ||||
| Finland | 2.7 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 2.9 | ||||
| Middle East | 719.2 | 516.7 | ||||||
| Iran | 141.0 | |||||||
| Israel | 18.9 | 18.0 | 16.9 | 15.4 | ||||
| Asia | ||||||||
| China | 7 940.4 | 5 704.7 | 2 848.0 | 1 200d | ||||
| India | 1 027.0 | 737.8 | 537.0 | |||||
| Japan | 175.8 | 126.3 | 89.2 | 84.8 | 84.8 | 84.0 | 99.0 | |
| Indonesia | 119.0 | |||||||
| Pakistan | 91.4 | |||||||
| Thailand | 2.6 | |||||||
| Taiwan | 42.1 | |||||||
| Russia | 38.0 | 38.0 | 35.0 | 37.0 | ||||
| CIS | 406.4 | 292.0 | ||||||
| Oceania | ||||||||
| Australia and New Zealand | 46.4 | 33.3 | ||||||
| Rest of Asia and Oceania | 1 199.1 | 861.5 | ||||||
| World | 14 000 | 10 058 | 2 400d | 4 200 | ||||
a estimated assuming the same proportional distribution ofMiller et al. (2016)
b estimated from the precast weight considering an average specific weight of 1.7 t/m3 derived from world total precast products weight of 7000 × 106 t (Sick et al. 2022)
c estimated from replies to industry questionnaire on precast concrete cement dosage and extrapolation based on cement consumed on the precast industry
d value estimated for 2015 by Vázquez-Calle et al. (2022), considered conservative since the share of ready-mix in China increased from 32 to 38% between 2008 and 2010 and was estimated to increase to 51% by 2013 (Song 2011)