Table 6.
Histopathological scoring of various organs of healthy animals in addition to TBI and PBI animals treated with GT3 or vehicle.
| Organs | Average histopathology scores | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TBI | PBI | AVG (range) Healthy (n = 3) | |||||||
| Vehicle | GT3 | Vehicle | GT3 | ||||||
| AVG (range) day 4 (n = 3) | AVG (range) day 7 (n = 5) | AVG (range) day 4 (n = 3) | AVG (range) day 7 (n = 5) | AVG (range) day 4 (n = 3) | AVG (range) day 7 (n = 5) | AVG (range) day 4 (n = 3) | AVG (range) day 7 (n = 5) | ||
| Sternum | |||||||||
| Cellular depletion | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 |
| Spleen | |||||||||
| White pulp depletion | 3 | 5 (4–5) | 3 (3–4) | 4 (4–5) | 3 (3–4) | 5 (4–5) | 3 (3–4) | 4 (3–5) | 1 (0–2) |
| Duodenum | |||||||||
| Villi/crypt ratio | 4 (3.8–4.6) | 2 (1.4–3.5) | 3 (2–4.2) | 2 (1.3–1.7) | 3 (1.6–4.8) | 1 (0.9–1.8) | 3 (1.9–4.8) | 2 (1–2.1) | 5 (4.5–5.9) |
| Inflammatory cell infiltrates | 2 (1–2) | 2 (1–3) | 3 (2–3) | 1 (1–2) | 2 (1–3) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 2 | 1 (0–1) |
| Crypt dilation | 2 (1–2) | 2 (1–3) | 2 | 2 (2–3) | 1 (1–2) | 2 (1–3) | 1 (0–2) | 2 (1–3) | 0 |
| Villi fusion | 2 | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–2) | 2 (2–3) | 2 (0–4) | 3 (2–4) | 1 (1–2) | 3 (3–4) | 0 |
| Villi loss | 2 | 3 (2–4) | 2 | 3 (2–3) | 2 (1–3) | 3 | 1 (1–2) | 3 (3–4) | 0 |
| Jejunum | |||||||||
| Villi/crypt ratio | 4 (3.8–4.6) | 2 (2.1–2.9) | 6 (4.2–6.6) | 4 (2.9–5) | 7 (4.2–11) | 3 (2.3–3.9) | 7 (6.4–7.2) | 2 (1.1–2.5) | 6 (5.2–7) |
| Inflammatory cell infiltrates | 2 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (0–1) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (0–2) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (0–2) | 2 (1–3) | 1 (0–2) |
| Crypt dilation | 1 (0–2) | 2 (1–2) | 1 (0–2) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (0 –2) | 2 (0–3) | 1 | 2 (1–4) | 0 |
| Villi fusion | 1 | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–1) | 1 (1–2) | 1 | 2 (1–4) | 1 (1–2) | 4 (2–5) | 0 |
| Villi loss | 2 | 2 (1–3) | 1 (1–2) | 2 (2–3) | 2 (1–2) | 2 (1–4) | 2 (1–2) | 4 (3–4) | 0 |
| Ileum | |||||||||
| Villi/crypt ratio | 5 (3.1–6.2) | 2 (1.5–2.5) | 4 (3–4.4) | 2 (1.2–2.2) | 5 (4–7.7) | 1 (0.8–2.1) | 6 (4.6–6) | 1 (0.5–0.9) | 4 (3.8–4.9) |
| Inflammatory cell infiltrates | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–3) | 1 | 2 (1–2) | 0 (0–1) | 2 (1–2) | 0 |
| Crypt dilation | 1 (0–1) | 3 (2–3) | 0 | 2 (1–3) | 1 (0–1) | 4 (3–4) | 1 (0–1) | 3 (2–4) | 0 |
| Villi fusion | 1 (0–1) | 1 (1–2) | 2 (1–2) | 2 (1–3) | 1 (0–2) | 3 (2–4) | 0 (0–1) | 4 (3–5) | 1 (0–1) |
| Villi loss | 2 | 3 (2–3) | 2 (2–3) | 3 (3–4) | 2 (1–3) | 3 (3–4) | 2 (1–2) | 4 (3–4) | 1 (0–2) |
| Large intestine | |||||||||
| Inflammatory cell infiltrates | 2 (1–3) | 3 (2–3) | 2 | 2 (2–3) | 2 | 1 (1–2) | 2 (1–2) | 2 (1–2) | 1 (0–2) |
| Crypt dilation | 3 (1–4) | 3 (3–4) | 2 (1–3) | 3 (3–4) | 2 (1–4) | 3 (3–4) | 4 | 4 (3–4) | 0 |
| Crypt loss | 2 (2–3) | 4 | 1 | 4 (3–4) | 2 (2–3) | 3 (3–4) | 2 (2–3) | 4 (3–4) | 0 |
| Kidney | |||||||||
| Tubular degeneration | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 (2–4) | 3 (3–4) | 3 (2–4) | 2 (2–3) | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–3) |
| Tubular regeneration | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–2) | 2 (2–3) | 1 (0–2) | 2 (2–3) | 1 (0–2) |
| Lung | |||||||||
| Alveolar septal degeneration | 2 (2–3) | 3 (3–4) | 2 (1–3) | 3 (2–3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–2) | 2 (2–3) | 1 (0–3) | 1 (0–3) |
| Alveolar edema | 0 | 2 (1–3) | 0 | 2 (0–3) | 0 | 2 (0–3) | 3 (1–4) | 1 (0–4) | 1 (0–3) |
| Septal cellularity | 1 | 1 (0–1) | 1 | 1 (0–1) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) |
| Alveolar emphysema | 1 | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–1) | 1 (0–2) | 0 | 1 (0–1) | 0 | 1 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) |
The number of animals per group assigned to a given score has been provided. For each score, there are 3 animals on day 4, 5 animals on day 7, and 3 healthy animals. AVG, average; n for each group is given below treatment. The severity of tissue damage was graded based on a point system, with 0 = none, 1 = minimal, 2 = mild, 3 = moderate, 4 = marked, and 5 = severe. It is important to note that villi/crypt values are ratios, and therefore were not graded on the 1–5 severity scale as was used for the other parameters. The following scale can be used to interpret villi/crypt ratios: < 2 = severe, 2.1–3 = marked, 3.1–4 = moderate, 4.1–5 = mild, 5.1–6 = minimal, and > 6.1 = none. For averages that do not include ranges, all animals in this group were scored the same.