Table 3.
Reports of anthelmintic resistance based on faecal egg count reduction tests in sheep of São Paulo state.
| Anthelmintics |
Year |
Farms |
FECR |
Main resistant nematodes | Source |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <50% | 50%–90% | >90% | |||||
| BNZ | 1990 | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | H | Amarante et al. (1992) |
| 2008–2010 | 30 | 25 | 5 | 0 | H; T | Veríssimo et al. (2012) | |
| 2018–2020 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | – | Gainza et al. (2021) | |
| 2022 | 15 | 9 | 6 | 0 | H; T; C | Present study | |
| IVM | 1990 | 9 | 1 | 6 | 2 | H | Amarante et al. (1992) |
| 2008–2010 | 28 | 20 | 8 | 0 | H; T | Veríssimo et al. (2012) | |
| 2018–2020 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | – | Gainza et al. (2021) | |
| 2022 | 15 | 10 | 5 | 0 | H; T | Present study | |
| LEV | 1990 | 9 | 1 | 6 | 2 | H; T | Amarante et al. (1992) |
| 2008–2010 | 28 | 9 | 6 | 13 | H; T | Veríssimo et al. (2012) | |
| 2018–2020 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 0 | – | Gainza et al. (2021) | |
| 2022 | 15 | 5 | 10 | 0 | H; T | Present study | |
| MPT | 2018–2020 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 3 | – | Gainza et al. (2021) |
| 2022 | 15 | 2 | 7 | 6 | H | Present study | |
| CLO | 2008–2010 | 28 | 13 | 13 | 2 | H | Veríssimo et al. (2012) |
| 2022 | 9 | 2 | 6 | 1 | H | Present study | |
| MOX | 2008–2010 | 28 | 21 | 6 | 1 | H; T | Veríssimo et al. (2012) |
| 2022 | 7 | 6 | 1 | 0 | H; T; C | Present study | |
FECR: Faecal egg count reduction post-treatment; BNZ: benzimidazole; IVM: ivermectin; LEV: levamisole; MPT: monepantel; CLO: closantel; MOX: moxidectin; -: data not presented; H: Haemonchus spp.; T: Trichostrongylus spp.; C: Cooperia spp.